---
title: pave — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pave» in the school dictionary: To cover a road, path or yard with a hard flat surface, such as stones, bricks, concrete or tarmac. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pave

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** council, many slabs, first pilots, We, Workers, track · **What happens:** cover, pave, mean, make, happen, need · **To what, where:** road, way, street, yard, many slabs, 5 m · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«pave» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pave in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pave.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cover a road, path or yard with a hard flat surface, such as stones, bricks, concrete or tarmac.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pave:m1:1
# text = To cover a road, path or yard with a hard flat surface, such as stones, bricks, concrete or tarmac.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cover	cover	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	yard	yard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	17	case	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	15	fixed	_	_
17	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	bricks	brick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	concrete	concrete	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	tarmac	tarmac	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | to-infinitive |  | a road and path or yard |  |  |  | with a hard flat surface such stones and bricks and concrete or tarmac | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent road=Destination with surface=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Pave the way» means to make it easier for something to happen later.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pave:m2:1
# text = «Pave the way» means to make it easier for something to happen later.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Pave	pave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	easier	easy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	xcomp	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	acl	_	_
15	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pave** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | the way |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme way=Destination |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **make** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | way |  |  |  | easy *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 4 | **happen** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | late *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The council will pave our street next month.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pave:x1:1
# text = The council will pave our street next month.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	pave	pave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	street	street	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pave** | future | the council | our street |  |  | month |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme street=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The yard is paved with red bricks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pave:x2:1
# text = The yard is paved with red bricks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	yard	yard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	paved	pave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bricks	brick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pave** | present · passive |  | the yard |  |  |  | with red bricks | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with brick=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many slabs are needed to pave a 5 m by 3 m patio?

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pave:x3:1
# text = How many slabs are needed to pave a 5 m by 3 m patio?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	slabs	slab	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	needed	need	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	pave	pave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	m	M	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	m	M	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	patio	patio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present · passive |  | many slabs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pave** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | many slabs *not said here* | a 5 m |  |  |  | by m patio | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme m=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The first pilots paved the way for space travel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pave:x4:1
# text = The first pilots paved the way for space travel.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	pilots	pilot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	paved	pave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	travel	travel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pave** | past | the first pilots | the way |  |  |  | for space travel | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme way=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We rode our bikes on the newly paved path.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pave:x5:1
# text = We rode our bikes on the newly paved path.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	bikes	bike	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	newly	newly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	paved	pave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | past | We | our bikes |  | the paved path |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bike=Theme |
| 2 | **pave** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | newly *property* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Workers were paving the car park all week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pave:x6:1
# text = Workers were paving the car park all week.
1	Workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	paving	pave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pave** | past · progressive | Workers | the car park |  |  | week |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme park=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old track was not paved, so it was muddy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pave:x7:1
# text = The old track was not paved, so it was muddy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	track	track	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	paved	pave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **pave** | past · passive |  | the old track |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination |
| 2 | **is** | past | track |  |  |  |  | muddy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her hard work paved the way for her success.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pave:x8:1
# text = Her hard work paved the way for her success.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	paved	pave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	success	success	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pave** | past | Her hard work | the way |  |  |  | for work's success | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme way=Destination |
| 2 | **work** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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