---
title: paved — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «paved» in the school dictionary: Paved means covered with a hard flat surface such as stones, bricks or asphalt, so people can walk or drive on it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# paved

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** people, it, Workers, path, many tiles, They · **What happens:** pave, mean, cover, walk, drive, be · **To what, where:** asphalt, way, 3 kilometres, 20 metres, many tiles, yard · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«paved» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [paved in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/paved.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Paved means covered with a hard flat surface such as stones, bricks or asphalt, so people can walk or drive on it.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paved:m1:1
# text = Paved means covered with a hard flat surface such as stones, bricks or asphalt, so people can walk or drive on it.
1	Paved	pave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	bricks	brick	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	asphalt	asphalt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	so	so	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
18	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
19	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	drive	drive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	conj	_	_
23	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pave** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with a hard flat surface such stones and bricks or asphalt | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with surface=Theme |
| 4 | **walk** | can | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **drive** | infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  | asphalt |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To pave the way for something is to make it easier for it to happen later.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paved:m2:1
# text = To pave the way for something is to make it easier for it to happen later.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	pave	pave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	easier	easy	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	xcomp	_	_
12	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
16	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pave** | to-infinitive |  | the way |  |  |  | for something | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme way=Destination |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | easy, make *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **happen** | to-infinitive | it |  |  |  |  | late *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Workers paved 3 kilometres of road on Monday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paved:x1:1
# text = Workers paved 3 kilometres of road on Monday.
1	Workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	paved	pave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	kilometres	kilometre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Monday	Monday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pave** | past | Workers | 3 kilometres of road |  |  | monday |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme kilometre=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The path is 50 metres long and 20 metres are paved.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paved:x2:1
# text = The path is 50 metres long and 20 metres are paved.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	paved	pave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the path |  |  |  |  | 50 metres *obl:unmarked*; long *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **pave** | present · passive |  | 20 metres |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many tiles are needed to pave the yard?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paved:x3:1
# text = How many tiles are needed to pave the yard?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tiles	tile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	needed	need	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	pave	pave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	yard	yard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present · passive |  | many tiles |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pave** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | many tiles *not said here* | the yard |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme yard=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They pave 4 metres each hour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paved:x4:1
# text = They pave 4 metres each hour.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pave	pave	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pave** | present | They | 4 metres |  |  | hour |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme metre=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Romans built paved roads across their empire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paved:x5:1
# text = The Romans built paved roads across their empire.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Romans	Roman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	built	build	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	paved	pave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	roads	road	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	across	across	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	empire	empire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | the Romans | paved roads |  | Romans's empire |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Product |
| 2 | **pave** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We rode our bikes on the paved path.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paved:x6:1
# text = We rode our bikes on the paved path.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rode	ride	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	bikes	bike	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	paved	pave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | past | We | our bikes |  | the paved path |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bike=Theme |
| 2 | **pave** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old track was muddy, but now it is paved.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paved:x7:1
# text = The old track was muddy, but now it is paved.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	track	track	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	paved	pave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the old track |  |  |  |  | muddy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **pave** | present · passive |  | track |  |  | now |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her hard work paved the way for her success.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paved:x8:1
# text = Her hard work paved the way for her success.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	paved	pave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	success	success	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pave** | past | Her hard work | the way |  |  |  | for work's success | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme way=Destination |
| 2 | **work** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At that time the streets were not paved, and there were no sidewalks.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:paved:x9:1
# text = At that time the streets were not paved, and there were no sidewalks.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	streets	street	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	paved	pave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	12	expl	_	_
12	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
13	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	14	det	_	_
14	sidewalks	sidewalk	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **pave** | past · passive |  | the streets |  |  | time |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination |
| 2 | **be** | past | no sidewalks |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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