---
title: pearl — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pearl» in the school dictionary: A small hard shiny round thing, white or cream, that grows inside an oyster or some other shellfish and is used in jewellery. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pearl

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** that, book, wisdom, Grandma, pearl, Divers · **What happens:** grow, use, pearl, say, wear, search · **To what, where:** oyster, jewellery, wise sayings, string, sea bed, pearls · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«pearl» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pearl in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pearl.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small hard shiny round thing, white or cream, that grows inside an oyster or some other shellfish and is used in jewellery.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pearl:m1:1
# text = A small hard shiny round thing, white or cream, that grows inside an oyster or some other shellfish and is used in jewellery.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
3	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
4	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
14	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	oyster	oyster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	20	det	_	_
19	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	shellfish	shellfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	jewellery	jewellery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | that |  |  | a oyster or some other shellfish |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme inside oyster=Location |
| 2 | **use** | present · passive | that *not said here* |  |  | jewellery |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A very precious or excellent thing or person: a pearl of a book.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pearl:m2:1
# text = A very precious or excellent thing or person: a pearl of a book.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	precious	precious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	excellent	excellent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	pearl	pearl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pearl** |  | a book |  |  |  |  |  | nom pearl «possession intransitive»: of=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pale shiny white colour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pearl:m3:1
# text = A pale shiny white colour.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	pale	pale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Pearls of wisdom»: wise sayings (often said as a joke).

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pearl:m4:1
# text = «Pearls of wisdom»: wise sayings (often said as a joke).
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Pearls	pearl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	sayings	saying	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	often	often	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	joke	joke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | participle |  | wise sayings *not said here* |  |  |  | as a joke; often *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **pearl** *in a quote* |  | wisdom |  |  |  |  |  | nom pearl «possession intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma wears a string of pearls.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pearl:x1:1
# text = Grandma wears a string of pearls.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wears	wear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	string	string	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	pearls	pearl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | present | Grandma | a string of pearls |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent string=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pearl grows slowly inside an oyster.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pearl:x2:1
# text = A pearl grows slowly inside an oyster.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pearl	pearl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	oyster	oyster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | a pearl |  |  | a oyster |  | slowly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme inside oyster=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Divers searched the sea bed for pearls.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pearl:x3:1
# text = Divers searched the sea bed for pearls.
1	Divers	diver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	searched	search	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	pearls	pearl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **search** | past | Divers | the sea bed |  |  |  | for pearls | vn search-35.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent bed=Location for pearl=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her teeth were pearly white.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pearl:x4:1
# text = Her teeth were pearly white.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	pearly	pearly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Her teeth |  |  |  |  | white *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He shared his pearls of wisdom about football.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pearl:x5:1
# text = He shared his pearls of wisdom about football.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shared	share	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	pearls	pearl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | past | He | his pearls of wisdom about football |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pearl** |  | wisdom about football |  |  |  |  |  | nom pearl «possession intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A necklace has 48 pearls; if 6 fall off, 42 are left.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pearl:x6:1
# text = A necklace has 48 pearls; if 6 fall off, 42 are left.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	necklace	necklace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	48	48	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	pearls	pearl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nsubj	_	_
9	fall	fall	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
10	off	off	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	42	42	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a necklace | 48 pearls |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pearl=Patient |
| 2 | **fall off** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | 6 |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **leave** | present · passive |  | 42 |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pirate's chest was full of gold and pearls.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pearl:x7:1
# text = The pirate's chest was full of gold and pearls.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pirate	pirate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	chest	chest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	pearls	pearl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the pirate's chest |  |  |  |  | of gold and pearls; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What had become of those wonderful pearls?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pearl:x8:1
# text = What had become of those wonderful pearls?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
6	wonderful	wonderful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	pearls	pearl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past · perfect |  |  |  |  |  | of that wonderful pearls | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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