---
title: peasant — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «peasant» in the school dictionary: A peasant was a poor farmer or farm worker in the past, especially in the Middle Ages, who worked a small piece of land and often had to give part of the crops to a lord. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# peasant

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** peasant, poor farmer, today, small farm, Calling, they · **What happens:** be, work, have, give, mean, grow · **To what, where:** poor farmer, small piece, part, lord, farmer, food · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«peasant» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [peasant in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/peasant.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A peasant was a poor farmer or farm worker in the past, especially in the Middle Ages, who worked a small piece of land and often had to give part of the crops to a lord.

<!-- fold The tree, 36 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peasant:m1:1
# text = A peasant was a poor farmer or farm worker in the past, especially in the Middle Ages, who worked a small piece of land and often had to give part of the crops to a lord.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	peasant	peasant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	worker	worker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	Middle	Middle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	flat	_	_
18	Ages	Age	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	21	nsubj	_	_
21	worked	work	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	often	often	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	xcomp	_	_
32	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nmod	_	_
36	to	to	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a peasant | a poor farmer or farm worker in the past |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **work** | past | a poor farmer or farm worker in the past | a small piece of land |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent piece=Material |
| 3 | **have** | past | a poor farmer or farm worker in the past *not said here* |  |  |  |  | often *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **give** | to-infinitive | a poor farmer or farm worker in the past *not said here* | part of the crops | a lord |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent part=Theme to lord=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In some countries today, peasant means a farmer on a small farm who grows food mostly for the family.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peasant:m2:1
# text = In some countries today, peasant means a farmer on a small farm who grows food mostly for the family.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
4	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	peasant	peasant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
16	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | today and peasant | a farmer |  |  |  | on a small farm; in some countries | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot farmer=Theme in country=Attribute |
| 2 | **grow** | present | a small farm | food |  |  |  | for the family; mostly *property* | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent food=Material for family=Beneficiary |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: rude, insult — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Calling someone a peasant means they are uneducated or have bad manners; it is unkind.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peasant:m3:1
# text = Calling someone a peasant means they are uneducated or have bad manners; it is unkind.
1	Calling	call	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	peasant	peasant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	uneducated	uneducated	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	ccomp	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
11	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	manners	manners	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
16	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | gerund |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme peasant=Result |
| 2 | **mean** | present | Calling |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | they |  |  |  |  | uneducated *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **have** | present | they *not said here* | bad manners |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent manners=Patient |
| 5 | **is** | present | peasant |  |  |  |  | unkind *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most people in medieval England were peasants.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peasant:x1:1
# text = Most people in medieval England were peasants.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	medieval	medieval	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	peasants	peasant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Most people in medieval England | peasants |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The peasants worked in the lord's fields for three days a week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peasant:x2:1
# text = The peasants worked in the lord's fields for three days a week.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	peasants	peasant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	worked	work	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | past | the peasants |  |  |  | day; week | in the lord's fields | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in field=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the Peasants' Revolt, peasants marched on London.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peasant:x3:1
# text = In the Peasants' Revolt, peasants marched on London.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Peasants	Peasant	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	'	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	Revolt	revolt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	peasants	peasant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	marched	march	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **march** | past | peasants |  |  | the Peasants's Revolt |  | on London | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in revolt=Trajectory |
| 2 | **revolt** |  | the Peasants |  |  |  |  |  | nom revolt «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The peasant's cottage had one room shared with a cow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peasant:x4:1
# text = The peasant's cottage had one room shared with a cow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	peasant	peasant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	cottage	cottage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	shared	share	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the peasant's cottage | one room |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent room=Patient |
| 2 | **share** | participle |  | one room *not said here* |  |  |  | with a cow | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the fairy tale, a poor peasant married the princess.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peasant:x5:1
# text = In the fairy tale, a poor peasant married the princess.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	fairy	fairy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	peasant	peasant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	married	marry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **marry** | past | a poor peasant | the princess |  | the fairy tale |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent princess=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«You peasant!» he said — which was very rude.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peasant:x6:1
# text = «You peasant!» he said — which was very rude.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	peasant	peasant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	very	very	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	rude	rude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | rude *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Peasant farmers in many countries still grow their own food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peasant:x7:1
# text = Peasant farmers in many countries still grow their own food.
1	Peasant	peasant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	still	still	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Peasant farmers in many countries | farmers's own food |  |  | still |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location food=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I've no money," said the peasant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peasant:x8:1
# text = "I've no money," said the peasant.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	peasant	peasant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the peasant |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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