---
title: peat — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «peat» in the school dictionary: Soft, dark brown soil made of plants that have half-rotted very slowly in wet, boggy places over thousands of years; it can be dried and burned as fuel. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# peat

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** plants, Peat, families, Peat bogs, you, Ancient bodies · **What happens:** make, have, rot, dry, burn, form · **To what, where:** Soft dark brown soil, half, wet boggy places, wet bogs, peat, Ireland

<!-- .vabout -->
«peat» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [peat in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/peat.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Soft, dark brown soil made of plants that have half-rotted very slowly in wet, boggy places over thousands of years; it can be dried and burned as fuel.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peat:m1:1
# text = Soft, dark brown soil made of plants that have half-rotted very slowly in wet, boggy places over thousands of years; it can be dried and burned as fuel.
1	Soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	rotted	rot	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl	_	_
14	very	very	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
19	boggy	boggy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
21	over	over	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
26	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
28	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	aux:pass	_	_
29	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	burned	burn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	29	conj	_	_
32	as	as	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | Soft dark brown soil *not said here* |  |  |  | of plants | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **have** | present | plants | half |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent half=Patient |
| 3 | **rot** | participle |  | half *not said here* |  | wet boggy places over thousands of years |  | slowly *property* | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **dry** | can · passive |  | half |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |
| 5 | **burn** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | as fuel | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Peat forms very slowly in wet bogs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peat:x1:1
# text = Peat forms very slowly in wet bogs.
1	Peat	peat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	forms	form	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	bogs	bog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **form** | present | Peat |  |  | wet bogs |  | slowly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in bog=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Ireland, families once burned peat on their fires.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peat:x2:1
# text = In Ireland, families once burned peat on their fires.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	6	advmod	_	_
6	burned	burn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	peat	peat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	fires	fire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | past | families | peat |  | Ireland |  | on families's fires; once *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent peat=Theme |
| 2 | **fire** |  | families *= family* |  |  |  |  |  | nom fire «event transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Peat bogs store a lot of carbon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peat:x3:1
# text = Peat bogs store a lot of carbon.
1	Peat	peat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	bogs	bog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	store	store	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **store** | present | Peat bogs | a lot of carbon |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Buy peat-free compost to protect the bogs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peat:x4:1
# text = Buy peat-free compost to protect the bogs.
1	Buy	buy	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	peat	peat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	compost	compost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bogs	bog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | imperative | you *not said here* | peat free compost |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent compost=Theme |
| 2 | **protect** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the bogs |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bog=Beneficiary |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ancient bodies have been found preserved in peat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peat:x5:1
# text = Ancient bodies have been found preserved in peat.
1	Ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	preserved	preserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	xcomp	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	peat	peat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present · perfect · passive |  | Ancient bodies |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 2 | **preserve** | participle | Ancient bodies *not said here* |  |  | peat |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The peat smoke smelled earthy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peat:x6:1
# text = The peat smoke smelled earthy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	peat	peat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	smelled	smell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	earthy	earthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | past | the peat smoke |  |  |  |  | earthy *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By and bye the season came when they must cut the peats and pile them up to dry, so that they might have fires in the winter.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peat:x7:1
# text = By and bye the season came when they must cut the peats and pile them up to dry, so that they might have fires in the winter.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	bye	bye	ADP	IN	_	1	conj	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	season	season	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
6	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	cut	cut	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	peats	peat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	pile	pile	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
15	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	up	up	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	dry	dry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	24	mark	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	20	fixed	_	_
22	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	_
25	fires	fire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past |  |  |  |  | season |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **cut** | must | they | the peats |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset peat=Product |
| 3 | **pile up** | present |  | peats *= peat* |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme they=Destination |
| 4 | **dry** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **have** | might | peats *= peat* | fires |  |  |  | in the winter | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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