---
title: pectoral — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pectoral» in the school dictionary: adjective: Of or on the chest. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pectoral

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pectoral cross, pectoral muscles, Push ups, fish, Sharks, bishop · **What happens:** be, wear, call, build, use, turn · **To what, where:** cross, chest, pecs, pectoral muscles, pectoral fins, big pectoral fins · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«pectoral» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pectoral in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pectoral.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
adjective: Of or on the chest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pectoral:m1:1
# text = adjective: Of or on the chest.
1	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
3	Of	of	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	1	appos	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	chest	chest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"pectoral muscles".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pectoral:m1e:1
# text = "pectoral muscles".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	pectoral	pectoral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
noun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pectoral:m2:1
# text = noun.
1	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pectoral muscles of the chest, often called "pecs" (informal).

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pectoral:m2e:1
# text = The pectoral muscles of the chest, often called "pecs" (informal).
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	pectoral	pectoral	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	chest	chest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	often	often	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	pecs	pec	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle | the pectoral muscles of the chest *not said here* | pecs |  |  |  | often *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: pectoral fin — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One of the pair of fins on the sides of a fish, just behind the head.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pectoral:m3:1
# text = One of the pair of fins on the sides of a fish, just behind the head.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	pair	pair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	fins	fin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	just	just	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
15	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pectoral cross is a cross worn on the chest by bishops.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pectoral:m4:1
# text = A pectoral cross is a cross worn on the chest by bishops.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	pectoral	pectoral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cross	cross	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cross	cross	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	chest	chest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	bishops	bishop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pectoral cross | a cross |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **wear** | participle |  | a cross *not said here* |  | the chest |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Push-ups build your pectoral muscles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pectoral:x1:1
# text = Push-ups build your pectoral muscles.
1	Push	push	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	ups	up	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	build	build	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	pectoral	pectoral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | present | Push ups | your pectoral muscles |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset muscle=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fish used its pectoral fins to turn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pectoral:x2:1
# text = The fish used its pectoral fins to turn.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	pectoral	pectoral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	fins	fin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | the fish | fish's pectoral fins |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fin=Patient |
| 2 | **turn** | to-infinitive | the fish *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sharks have big pectoral fins.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pectoral:x3:1
# text = Sharks have big pectoral fins.
1	Sharks	shark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	pectoral	pectoral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	fins	fin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Sharks | big pectoral fins |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fin=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bishop wore a gold pectoral cross.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pectoral:x4:1
# text = The bishop wore a gold pectoral cross.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bishop	bishop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	gold	gold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	pectoral	pectoral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	cross	cross	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | the bishop | a gold pectoral cross |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent cross=Source |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Look at my pecs!" joked my uncle at the beach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pectoral:x5:1
# text = "Look at my pecs!" joked my uncle at the beach.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	pecs	pec	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
8	joked	joke	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	at	at	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | at my pecs | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at pec=Theme |
| 2 | **joke** *speech: other* | past | my uncle |  |  | the beach |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swimming works the pectorals and the shoulders.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pectoral:x6:1
# text = Swimming works the pectorals and the shoulders.
1	Swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	pectorals	pectoral	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	shoulders	shoulder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | Swimming | the pectorals and the shoulders |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent pectoral=Material |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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