---
title: penance — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «penance» in the school dictionary: Penance is something a person does to show they are sorry for a sin, such as saying prayers or doing a good deed, especially after confession in the Catholic Church. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# penance

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Penance, person, they, sin, confession, Something · **What happens:** be, do, show, say, call, have · **To what, where:** something, prayers, good deed, name, reconciliation, queue · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«penance» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [penance in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/penance.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Penance is something a person does to show they are sorry for a sin, such as saying prayers or doing a good deed, especially after confession in the Catholic Church.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:penance:m1:1
# text = Penance is something a person does to show they are sorry for a sin, such as saying prayers or doing a good deed, especially after confession in the Catholic Church.
1	Penance	penance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	sin	sin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ	18	mark	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	fixed	_	_
18	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	14	acl	_	_
19	prayers	prayer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	conj	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	deed	deed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
27	after	after	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	confession	confession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	Catholic	Catholic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	_
32	Church	Church	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Penance | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | present | a person |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **show** | to-infinitive | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | present | they |  |  |  |  | for a sin; sorry *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | a sin *not said here* | prayers |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent prayer=Topic |
| 6 | **do** | gerund | a sin *not said here* | a good deed |  |  | after confession in the Catholic Church |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deed=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Penance is also the name of the sacrament of confession (also called reconciliation).

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:penance:m2:1
# text = Penance is also the name of the sacrament of confession (also called reconciliation).
1	Penance	penance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sacrament	sacrament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	confession	confession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	also	also	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
14	reconciliation	reconciliation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Penance | the name |  |  |  | of the sacrament of confession | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | participle | confession *not said here* | reconciliation |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something unpleasant you have to put up with, as if as a punishment: «Waiting in the queue was a penance».

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:penance:m3:1
# text = Something unpleasant you have to put up with, as if as a punishment: «Waiting in the queue was a penance».
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nsubj	_	_
2	unpleasant	unpleasant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	amod	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
11	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	punishment	punishment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	Waiting	wait	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	23	csubj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	queue	queue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	penance	penance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Something |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **put up** | to-infinitive | Something *not said here* |  |  |  |  | as a punishment | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **wait** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  | the queue |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in queue=Location |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | Waiting | a penance |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After confession the priest gave her a penance of three prayers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:penance:x1:1
# text = After confession the priest gave her a penance of three prayers.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	confession	confession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	priest	priest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	iobj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	penance	penance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	prayers	prayer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the priest | a penance of three prayers | her *= she* |  | after confession |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient penance=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He cleaned the kitchen as a penance for breaking the cup.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:penance:x2:1
# text = He cleaned the kitchen as a penance for breaking the cup.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cleaned	clean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	penance	penance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	breaking	break	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clean** | past | He | the kitchen |  |  |  | as a penance | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent kitchen=Patient |
| 2 | **break** | gerund | He *not said here* | the cup |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cup=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the Middle Ages, some people walked to holy places to do penance.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:penance:x3:1
# text = In the Middle Ages, some people walked to holy places to do penance.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	Middle	Middle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
4	Ages	Age	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	holy	holy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
14	penance	penance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | some people |  |  |  | in the Middle Ages | to holy places *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to place=Result |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive | some people *not said here* | penance |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent penance=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Catholics also call confession the sacrament of penance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:penance:x4:1
# text = Catholics also call confession the sacrament of penance.
1	Catholics	Catholic	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	confession	confession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sacrament	sacrament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	penance	penance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present | Catholics | confession |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent confession=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Listening to my brother's music was a real penance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:penance:x5:1
# text = Listening to my brother's music was a real penance.
1	Listening	listen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	csubj	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	penance	penance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **listen** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to my brother's music | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to music=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Listening | a real penance |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lent is a time of prayer and penance for many Christians.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:penance:x6:1
# text = Lent is a time of prayer and penance for many Christians.
1	Lent	Lent	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	prayer	prayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	penance	penance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lent | a time and penance for many Christians |  |  |  | of prayer | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She did penance by giving her pocket money to charity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:penance:x7:1
# text = She did penance by giving her pocket money to charity.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	penance	penance	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	pocket	pocket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	charity	charity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **penance** | past · do-support | She |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | gerund | She *not said here* | her pocket money | charity |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent money=Theme to charity=Recipient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Psyche had to undergo a long and severe penance before she became worthy to regain the happiness, which she had so foolishly trifled away.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:penance:x8:1
# text = Psyche had to undergo a long and severe penance before she became worthy to regain the happiness, which she had so foolishly trifled away.
1	Psyche	psyche	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	undergo	undergo	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	severe	severe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
9	penance	penance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
10	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
13	worthy	worthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	regain	regain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	happiness	happiness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	21	obj	_	_
20	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
21	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
22	so	so	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
23	foolishly	foolishly	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	trifled	trifle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	xcomp	_	_
25	away	away	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Psyche |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **undergo** | to-infinitive | Psyche *not said here* | a long penance |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **become** | past | Psyche |  |  |  |  | worthy *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **regain** | to-infinitive | Psyche *not said here* | the happiness |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent happiness=Theme |
| 5 | **have** | past | Psyche | the happiness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **trifle away** | participle | the happiness *not said here* |  |  |  |  | away, foolishly *property* | vn trifle-105.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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