---
title: pendulum — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pendulum» in the school dictionary: A pendulum is a weight hanging from a fixed point on a string or rod, which swings backwards and forwards. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pendulum

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pendulum, weight, string, grandfather clock, We, longer pendulum · **What happens:** be, hang, fix, swing, keep, change · **To what, where:** weight, fixed point, clock, one extreme, ten swings, lamp

<!-- .vabout -->
«pendulum» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pendulum in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pendulum.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pendulum is a weight hanging from a fixed point on a string or rod, which swings backwards and forwards.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pendulum:m1:1
# text = A pendulum is a weight hanging from a fixed point on a string or rod, which swings backwards and forwards.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pendulum	pendulum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	hanging	hang	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	_
10	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	string	string	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	rod	rod	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	swings	swing	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
19	backwards	backwards	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	forwards	forwards	ADV	RB	_	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pendulum | a weight |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hang** | gerund | a weight *not said here* |  |  | a fixed point |  | on a string or rod | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on string=Location |
| 3 | **fix** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **swing** | present | a string or rod |  |  |  |  | backwards *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The swinging part of some old clocks, like a grandfather clock, which keeps the clock on time.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pendulum:m2:1
# text = The swinging part of some old clocks, like a grandfather clock, which keeps the clock on time.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	swinging	swing	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	clocks	clock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swing** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **keep** | present | a grandfather clock | the clock |  |  | time |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clock=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The idea of something changing from one extreme to the other and back again, like the «pendulum of opinion».

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pendulum:m3:1
# text = The idea of something changing from one extreme to the other and back again, like the «pendulum of opinion».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	_
5	changing	change	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	extreme	extreme	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	obl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	back	back	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	again	again	ADV	RB	_	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	pendulum	pendulum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	opinion	opinion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | gerund |  |  |  | one extreme |  | like the pendulum of opinion | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.material PP.result»: agent=Agent from extreme=Initial\_State |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pendulum of the grandfather clock swung slowly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pendulum:x1:1
# text = The pendulum of the grandfather clock swung slowly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pendulum	pendulum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	swung	swing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swing** | past | the pendulum of the grandfather clock |  |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We timed ten swings of the pendulum and divided by ten.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pendulum:x2:1
# text = We timed ten swings of the pendulum and divided by ten.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	timed	time	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	swings	swing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pendulum	pendulum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	divided	divide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **time** | past | We | ten swings of the pendulum |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent swing=Theme |
| 2 | **divide** | participle | We *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by ten | vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent by ten=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **swing** |  | the pendulum |  |  |  |  |  | nom swing «state intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A longer pendulum swings more slowly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pendulum:x3:1
# text = A longer pendulum swings more slowly.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	longer	long	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
3	pendulum	pendulum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	swings	swing	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
6	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swing** | present | a longer pendulum |  |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Changing the weight did not change the pendulum's time much.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pendulum:x4:1
# text = Changing the weight did not change the pendulum's time much.
1	Changing	change	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	weight	weight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pendulum	pendulum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
11	much	much	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | gerund |  | the weight |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weight=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **change** | past · do-support | Changing |  |  |  | time |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Galileo noticed a lamp swinging like a pendulum in a church.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pendulum:x5:1
# text = Galileo noticed a lamp swinging like a pendulum in a church.
1	Galileo	Galileo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	noticed	notice	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	swinging	swing	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pendulum	pendulum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **notice** | past | Galileo | a lamp |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer lamp=Stimulus |
| 2 | **swing** | gerund | a lamp *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like a pendulum; in a church | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in church=Attribute |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hypnotist swung a watch like a pendulum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pendulum:x6:1
# text = The hypnotist swung a watch like a pendulum.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hypnotist	hypnotist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	swung	swing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	watch	watch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	like	like	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pendulum	pendulum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swing** | past | the hypnotist | a watch |  |  |  | like a pendulum | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent watch=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pendulum of fashion has swung back to wide trousers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pendulum:x7:1
# text = The pendulum of fashion has swung back to wide trousers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pendulum	pendulum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	fashion	fashion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	swung	swing	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	back	back	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	trousers	trousers	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swing back** | present · perfect | the pendulum of fashion |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A playground swing is a kind of pendulum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pendulum:x8:1
# text = A playground swing is a kind of pendulum.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	playground	playground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	swing	swing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	pendulum	pendulum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a playground swing | a kind |  |  |  | of pendulum | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pendulum of the great clock went to and fro, and the hands turned, and everything in the room became still older; but they did not observe it.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pendulum:x9:1
# text = The pendulum of the great clock went to and fro, and the hands turned, and everything in the room became still older; but they did not observe it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pendulum	pendulum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	fro	fro	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
18	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	22	nsubj	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
23	still	still	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	22	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
26	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
28	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
29	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	30	advmod	_	_
30	observe	observe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
31	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the pendulum of the great clock |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **fro** | infinitive | the pendulum of the great clock *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **turn** | past | the hands |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **become** | past | everything |  |  |  |  | old *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **not** **observe** | past · do-support | hands *= hand* | pendulum |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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