---
title: penitence — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «penitence» in the school dictionary: Feeling truly sorry for something wrong you did, and wanting to put it right. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/penitence/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [P](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/) / penitence

# penitence

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, Sorrow, God, penitence, his, church · **What happens:** feel, do, want, put, believe, forgive · **To what, where:** it, those, God, time, head, penitence · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«penitence» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [penitence in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/penitence.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Feeling truly sorry for something wrong you did, and wanting to put it right.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:penitence:m1:1
# text = Feeling truly sorry for something wrong you did, and wanting to put it right.
1	Feeling	feel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	_
6	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	wanting	want	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	right	right	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | sorry *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **do** | past | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **want** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 4 | **put** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  | right *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent it=Goal |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sorrow for sin; Christians believe that God forgives those who turn back to him with true penitence.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:penitence:m2:1
# text = Sorrow for sin; Christians believe that God forgives those who turn back to him with true penitence.
1	Sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	sin	sin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	forgives	forgive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
10	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	9	obj	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	back	back	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	penitence	penitence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present | Sorrow for sin |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **forgive** | present | God | those |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme |
| 3 | **turn back** | present |  |  | God |  |  | with true penitence | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to he=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After his promise, Toad's penitence lasted only a day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:penitence:x1:1
# text = After his promise, Toad's penitence lasted only a day.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	penitence	penitence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	lasted	last	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	only	only	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **last** | past | Toad's penitence |  |  |  | after his promise; day |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **promise** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom promise «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(church) Lent is a time of prayer and penitence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:penitence:x2:1
# text = (church) Lent is a time of prayer and penitence.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Lent	Lent	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	prayer	prayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	penitence	penitence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | church | a time |  |  |  | of prayer and penitence | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her penitence was real: she apologised and paid for the vase.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:penitence:x3:1
# text = Her penitence was real: she apologised and paid for the vase.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	penitence	penitence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	apologised	apologise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	paid	pay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	vase	vase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Her penitence |  |  |  |  | real *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **apologise** *speech: apologize* | past | she |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **pay** | past | she *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for the vase | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for vase=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He hung his head in penitence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:penitence:x4:1
# text = He hung his head in penitence.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	hung	hang	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	penitence	penitence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hang** | past | He | his head |  | penitence |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent head=Theme in penitence=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(church) Christians believe God welcomes true penitence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:penitence:x5:1
# text = (church) Christians believe God welcomes true penitence.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	believe	believe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	welcomes	welcome	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
8	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	penitence	penitence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | present | Christians | church |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **welcome** | present | God | true penitence |  |  |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent penitence=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tears of penitence ran down his face.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:penitence:x6:1
# text = Tears of penitence ran down his face.
1	Tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	penitence	penitence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run down** | past | Tears of penitence | his face |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location face=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [peninsula](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/peninsula/)
- next →: [penitent](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/penitent/)
- ↑ back to [P in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/P/)