---
title: perceived — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «perceived» in the school dictionary: Noticed or became aware of something, by seeing, hearing or understanding. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# perceived

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** She, smoke, cleverest boy, owl, perceived danger, scientist · **What happens:** notice, become, see, understand, think, perceive · **To what, where:** He, perceived danger, faint smell, mouse, dark, colour · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«perceived» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [perceived in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/perceived.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Noticed or became aware of something, by seeing, hearing or understanding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perceived:m1:1
# text = Noticed or became aware of something, by seeing, hearing or understanding.
1	Noticed	notice	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
4	aware	aware	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	hearing	hearing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	understanding	understanding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **notice** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **become** | past |  |  |  |  |  | aware *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **see** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Understood or thought of someone or something in a certain way: «He was perceived as shy.».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perceived:m2:1
# text = Understood or thought of someone or something in a certain way: «He was perceived as shy.».
1	Understood	understand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	mark	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	thought	think	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	conj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	perceived	perceive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	shy	shy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | participle |  |  |  |  |  | of someone | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **perceive** *in a quote* | past · passive |  | He |  |  |  | as shy | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Theme as shy=Attribute |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Believed to be so, though perhaps not really: a perceived danger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perceived:m3:1
# text = Believed to be so, though perhaps not really: a perceived danger.
1	Believed	believe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
6	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
7	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	really	really	ADV	RB	_	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	perceived	perceive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | participle |  | a perceived danger |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | so *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **perceive** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She perceived a faint smell of smoke.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perceived:x1:1
# text = She perceived a faint smell of smoke.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	perceived	perceive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	faint	faint	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perceive** | past | She | a faint smell of smoke |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer smell=Stimulus |
| 2 | **smell** |  | smoke |  |  |  |  |  | nom smell «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was perceived as the cleverest boy in class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perceived:x2:1
# text = He was perceived as the cleverest boy in class.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	perceived	perceive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	cleverest	clever	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	amod	_	_
7	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:agent	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perceive** | past · passive | the cleverest boy in class | He |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer subject=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The owl perceived the mouse in the dark.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perceived:x3:1
# text = The owl perceived the mouse in the dark.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	owl	owl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	perceived	perceive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perceive** | past | the owl | the mouse |  | the dark |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer mouse=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The perceived danger was bigger than the real one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perceived:x4:1
# text = The perceived danger was bigger than the real one.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	perceived	perceive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perceive** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | past | the perceived danger |  |  |  |  | than the real one; big *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How the colour is perceived depends on the light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perceived:x5:1
# text = How the colour is perceived depends on the light.
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	perceived	perceive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	csubj	_	_
6	depends	depend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perceive** | present · passive |  | the colour |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |
| 2 | **depend** | present |  |  |  |  |  | on the light | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent on light=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Subsequently, the scientist perceived a pattern in the results.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perceived:x6:1
# text = Subsequently, the scientist perceived a pattern in the results.
1	Subsequently	subsequently	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	scientist	scientist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	perceived	perceive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pattern	pattern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perceive** | past | the scientist | a pattern |  | the results |  | subsequently *property* | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer pattern=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After a while he perceived both giants.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perceived:x7:1
# text = After a while he perceived both giants.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	while	while	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	perceived	perceive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	giants	giant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perceive** | past | he | both giants |  |  | while |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer giant=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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