---
title: perception — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «perception» in the school dictionary: Noticing and understanding things with your senses — seeing, hearing, touching, tasting, smelling. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# perception

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, their, others, Owls, Optical illusions, our · **What happens:** notice, understand, see, touch, taste, smell · **To what, where:** things, way, something, amazing depth perception, perception, new teacher

<!-- .vabout -->
«perception» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [perception in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/perception.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Noticing and understanding things with your senses — seeing, hearing, touching, tasting, smelling.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perception:m1:1
# text = Noticing and understanding things with your senses — seeing, hearing, touching, tasting, smelling.
1	Noticing	notice	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	understanding	understand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
4	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	senses	sens	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
9	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	hearing	hearing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	touching	touch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	tasting	taste	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	smelling	smell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **notice** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **understand** | gerund |  | things |  |  |  | with your senses | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus |
| 3 | **see** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **touch** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **taste** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 6 | **smell** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn smell\_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The way a person thinks about or understands something; their view or impression.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perception:m2:1
# text = The way a person thinks about or understands something; their view or impression.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	thinks	think	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	about	about	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	understands	understand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	view	view	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	ccomp	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	impression	impression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think about** *speech: other* | present | a person | the way |  |  |  | about *property* | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **understand** | present | a person *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |
| 3 | **view** |  | their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom view «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Being good at noticing things that others miss: «a girl of great perception».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perception:m3:1
# text = Being good at noticing things that others miss: «a girl of great perception».
1	Being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	cop	_	_
2	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	csubj	_	_
3	at	at	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	noticing	notice	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obj	_	_
7	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	miss	miss	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	perception	perception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | good *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **notice** | gerund |  | things |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus |
| 3 | **miss** | present | others | things |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Owls have amazing depth perception at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perception:x1:1
# text = Owls have amazing depth perception at night.
1	Owls	owl	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	amazing	amazing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	depth	depth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	perception	perception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Owls | amazing depth perception |  |  | night |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent perception=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Optical illusions fool our perception.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perception:x2:1
# text = Optical illusions fool our perception.
1	Optical	optical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	illusions	illusion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fool	fool	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	perception	perception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fool** | present | Optical illusions | our perception |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent perception=Patient |
| 2 | **perceive** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom perception «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her perception of the new teacher changed after a week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perception:x3:1
# text = Her perception of the new teacher changed after a week.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	perception	perception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | Her perception of the new teacher |  |  |  | week |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **perceive** |  | Her *= she* | the new teacher |  |  |  |  | nom perception «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The detective's sharp perception solved the case.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perception:x4:1
# text = The detective's sharp perception solved the case.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	detective	detective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	perception	perception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	solved	solve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **solve** | past | the detective's sharp perception | the case |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent case=Topic |
| 2 | **perceive** |  | the detective |  |  |  |  |  | nom perception «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our perception of time speeds up when we are having fun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perception:x5:1
# text = Our perception of time speeds up when we are having fun.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	perception	perception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	speeds	speed	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
11	fun	fun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speed up** | present | Our perception of time |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present · progressive | we | fun |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fun=Patient |
| 3 | **perceive** |  | Our | time |  |  |  |  | nom perception «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smell is an important part of our perception of taste.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perception:x6:1
# text = Smell is an important part of our perception of taste.
1	Smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	perception	perception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	taste	taste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Smell | a important part |  |  |  | of our perception of taste | tree rules |
| 2 | **perceive** |  | our | taste |  |  |  |  | nom perception «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People's perception of the beach was that it was dirty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perception:x7:1
# text = People's perception of the beach was that it was dirty.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	perception	perception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | People's perception of the beach |  |  |  |  | dirty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **perceive** |  | People | the beach |  |  |  |  | nom perception «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The test checks your perception of colours.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perception:x8:1
# text = The test checks your perception of colours.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	checks	check	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	perception	perception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | present | the test | your perception of colours |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent perception=Theme |
| 2 | **perceive** |  | your | colours |  |  |  |  | nom perception «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I have a clear perception of everything as if I were wide awake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perception:x9:1
# text = I have a clear perception of everything as if I were wide awake.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	perception	perception	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	5	nmod	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
9	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	wide	wide	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	awake	awake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | I | a clear perception of everything |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent perception=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | I |  |  |  |  | awake, wide *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **perceive** |  |  | everything |  |  |  |  | nom perception «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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