---
title: perfection — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «perfection» in the school dictionary: The state of being perfect, with no faults at all. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# perfection

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** act, cake, Nobody, routine, Practice, perfection · **What happens:** be, make, perfect, cook, reach, do · **To what, where:** something, perfection, skill, chips, best, goal · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«perfection» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [perfection in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/perfection.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The state of being perfect, with no faults at all.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perfection:m1:1
# text = The state of being perfect, with no faults at all.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	cop	_	_
5	perfect	perfect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
9	faults	fault	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | perfect *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something or someone that is perfect, an ideal example.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perfection:m2:1
# text = Something or someone that is perfect, an ideal example.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	conj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	perfect	perfect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	ideal	ideal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | perfect *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"The cake was perfection."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perfection:m2e:1
# text = "The cake was perfection."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	perfection	perfection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | the cake | perfection |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The act of making something perfect.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perfection:m3:1
# text = The act of making something perfect.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	perfect	perfect	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund | the act *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"the perfection of a skill".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perfection:m3e:1
# text = "the perfection of a skill".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	perfection	perfection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perfect** *in a quote* |  |  | a skill |  |  |  |  | nom perfection «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The chips were cooked to perfection.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perfection:x1:1
# text = The chips were cooked to perfection.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chips	chip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	cooked	cook	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	perfection	perfection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cook** | past · passive |  | the chips |  |  |  | to perfection *result* | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.result»: subject=Patient to perfection=Result |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nobody can reach perfection, so do your best.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perfection:x2:1
# text = Nobody can reach perfection, so do your best.
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	reach	reach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	perfection	perfection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | can | Nobody | perfection |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent perfection=Theme |
| 2 | **do** | infinitive | Nobody *not said here* | your best |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent good=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gymnast's routine was close to perfection.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perfection:x3:1
# text = The gymnast's routine was close to perfection.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gymnast	gymnast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	routine	routine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	perfection	perfection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the gymnast's routine |  |  |  |  | to perfection; close *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Practice helps, but perfection is not the goal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perfection:x4:1
# text = Practice helps, but perfection is not the goal.
1	Practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
4	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
5	perfection	perfection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	goal	goal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Practice |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | present | perfection | the goal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"This lemonade is perfection!" said Mum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perfection:x5:1
# text = "This lemonade is perfection!" said Mum.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	lemonade	lemonade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	perfection	perfection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	Mum	Mum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | this lemonade | perfection |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: express* | past | perfection |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He spent years on the perfection of his magic trick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perfection:x6:1
# text = He spent years on the perfection of his magic trick.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spent	spend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	perfection	perfection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	magic	magic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | past | He |  |  |  | year | on the perfection of his magic trick *goal* | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent on perfection=Goal |
| 2 | **perfect** |  |  | his magic trick |  |  |  |  | nom perfection «state transitive»: of=patient |
| 3 | **trick** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom trick «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rudy and Babette felt that they had never seen the Alpine glow in such perfection before.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perfection:x7:1
# text = Rudy and Babette felt that they had never seen the Alpine glow in such perfection before.
1	Rudy	Rudy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	Babette	Babette	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Alpine	alpine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	glow	glow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	perfection	perfection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
16	before	before	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | Rudy and Babette |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **not** **see** | past · perfect | Rudy | the Alpine glow |  | such perfection |  | before *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer glow=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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