---
title: perfidious — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «perfidious» in the school dictionary: Not to be trusted; breaking promises and betraying people who trusted you. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# perfidious

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**Who acts:** people, Heracles, perfidious pirates · **What happens:** not trust, break, betray, trust, march, conduct · **To what, where:** promises, people, you, Augeas

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«perfidious» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [perfidious in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/perfidious.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not to be trusted; breaking promises and betraying people who trusted you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perfidious:m1:1
# text = Not to be trusted; breaking promises and betraying people who trusted you.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	trusted	trust	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	breaking	break	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	promises	promise	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	betraying	betray	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	trusted	trust	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **trust** | to-infinitive · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S» |
| 2 | **break** | gerund |  | promises |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer promise=Patient |
| 3 | **betray** | gerund |  | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **trust** | past | people | you |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Heracles marched against Augeas for his perfidious conduct.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perfidious:x1:1
# text = Heracles marched against Augeas for his perfidious conduct.
1	Heracles	Heracles	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	marched	march	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	against	against	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Augeas	Augeas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	perfidious	perfidious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	conduct	conduct	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **march** | past | Heracles |  |  | Augeas |  | for Heracles's perfidious conduct | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against augeas=Trajectory |
| 2 | **conduct** |  | Heracles |  |  |  |  |  | nom conduct «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The perfidious pirates were bearing down upon the warriors.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perfidious:x2:1
# text = The perfidious pirates were bearing down upon the warriors.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	perfidious	perfidious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	pirates	pirate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	bearing	bear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	down	down	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	warriors	warrior	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear down** | past · progressive | the perfidious pirates |  |  |  |  | upon the warriors; down *property* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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