---
title: perish — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «perish» in the school dictionary: To die, especially in an accident, disaster or war. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# perish

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, rubber, I, Fresh fruit, It · **What happens:** die, rot, go, destroy, get, perish · **To what, where:** food, thought, that, I, Many animals, bushfire · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«perish» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [perish in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/perish.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To die, especially in an accident, disaster or war.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perish:m1:1
# text = To die, especially in an accident, disaster or war.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	die	die	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	disaster	disaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | in a accident and disaster or war | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in accident=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To rot, go bad or be destroyed, like food or rubber getting old.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perish:m2:1
# text = To rot, go bad or be destroyed, like food or rubber getting old.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	rot	rot	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	rubber	rubber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	acl	_	_
15	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rot** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **go** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **destroy** | infinitive · passive | you *not said here* | food or rubber |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: food=Patient |
| 4 | **get** | gerund | rubber *not said here* |  |  |  |  | old *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Perish the thought» means "I hope that never happens".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perish:m3:1
# text = «Perish the thought» means "I hope that never happens".
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Perish	perish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	thought	thought	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	hope	hope	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	obj	_	_
11	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perish** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | the thought |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **hope** *in a quote* | present | I | that |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **happen** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Perished» or «perishing» means very cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perish:m4:1
# text = «Perished» or «perishing» means very cold.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Perished	perish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	perishing	perish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perish** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **perish** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I'm perished!"

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perish:m4e:1
# text = "I'm perished!"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	'm	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	perished	perish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perish** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | I |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many animals perished in the bushfire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perish:x1:1
# text = Many animals perished in the bushfire.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	perished	perish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bushfire	bushfire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perish** | participle |  | Many animals *not said here* |  | the bushfire |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rubber band had perished and snapped.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perish:x2:1
# text = The rubber band had perished and snapped.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rubber	rubber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	band	band	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	perished	perish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	snapped	snap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perish** | past · perfect · passive |  | the rubber band |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **snap** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fresh fruit perishes quickly in the heat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perish:x3:1
# text = Fresh fruit perishes quickly in the heat.
1	Fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	perishes	perish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perish** | present | Fresh fruit |  |  | the heat |  | quickly *property* | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Me, late for school? Perish the thought!"

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "Me, late for school?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perish:x4:1
# text = "Me, late for school?
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	late	late	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Perish the thought!"

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perish:x4:2
# text = Perish the thought!"
1	Perish	perish	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	thought	thought	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perish** | imperative | you *not said here* | the thought |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It's perishing cold outside, put your coat on.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perish:x5:1
# text = It's perishing cold outside, put your coat on.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	perishing	perish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perish** | present · progressive | It |  |  |  |  | cold, outside *property* | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **put on** | infinitive |  | your coat |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent coat=Goal |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Come in, you must be perished!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perish:x6:1
# text = Come in, you must be perished!
1	Come	come	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	perished	perish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come in** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **perish** | must · passive |  | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thousands of trees perished in the drought.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perish:x7:1
# text = Thousands of trees perished in the drought.
1	Thousands	thousand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	perished	perish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	drought	drought	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perish** | participle |  | trees *not said here* |  | the drought |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep perishable food in the fridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perish:x8:1
# text = Keep perishable food in the fridge.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	perishable	perishable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	fridge	fridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | perishable food |  | the fridge |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent food=Theme in fridge=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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