---
title: permission — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «permission» in the school dictionary: Permission is when someone in charge says yes, you are allowed to do something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# permission

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Permission, you, permission slip, parent, child, Mum · **What happens:** be, allow, do, ask, mean, sign · **To what, where:** you, something, permission, form, trip, classroom · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«permission» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [permission in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/permission.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Permission is when someone in charge says yes, you are allowed to do something.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:permission:m1:1
# text = Permission is when someone in charge says yes, you are allowed to do something.
1	Permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	7	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	allowed	allow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Permission |  |  |  |  | say *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **allow** | present · passive |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To ask permission means to ask if you may do something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:permission:m2:1
# text = To ask permission means to ask if you may do something.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	ask	ask	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	ask	ask	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | to-infinitive |  | permission |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent permission=Recipient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **do** *a condition, not said to happen* | may | you | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A permission slip is a form a parent signs to say a child can go on a trip.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:permission:m3:1
# text = A permission slip is a form a parent signs to say a child can go on a trip.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	slip	slip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	parent	parent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	signs	sign	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	ccomp	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a permission slip | a form |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sign** | present | a parent | a form *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn instr\_communication-37.4.1 «NP V NP.recipient when S\_INF»: agent=Agent form=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | a parent *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **go** | can | a child |  |  | a trip |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on trip=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You need permission to leave the classroom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:permission:x1:1
# text = You need permission to leave the classroom.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	classroom	classroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | You | permission |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **leave** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | permission *not said here* | the classroom |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent classroom=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Did you ask permission to borrow my pencil?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:permission:x2:1
# text = Did you ask permission to borrow my pencil?
1	Did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ask	ask	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	borrow	borrow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past · do-support | you | permission |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent permission=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **borrow** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | permission *not said here* | my pencil |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pencil=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum gave me permission to stay up late.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:permission:x3:1
# text = Mum gave me permission to stay up late.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	late	late	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Mum | permission | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient permission=Theme |
| 2 | **stay up** | to-infinitive | Mum *not said here* |  |  |  |  | late *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't take things without permission.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:permission:x4:1
# text = Don't take things without permission.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **take** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | things |  |  |  | without permission | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bring back your signed permission slip for the zoo trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:permission:x5:1
# text = Bring back your signed permission slip for the zoo trip.
1	Bring	bring	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	back	back	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
4	signed	sign	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
5	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	slip	slip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	zoo	zoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring back** | imperative | you *not said here* | your signed permission slip |  |  |  | for the zoo trip | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent slip=Theme |
| 2 | **sign** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **slip** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom slip «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She asked her teacher for permission to go to the toilet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:permission:x6:1
# text = She asked her teacher for permission to go to the toilet.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	iobj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	toilet	toilet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | She |  | her teacher |  |  | for permission | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the toilet |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to toilet=Initial\_Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Always get permission before going to the park.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:permission:x7:1
# text = Always get permission before going to the park.
1	Always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	2	advmod	_	_
2	get	get	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | imperative | you *not said here* | permission |  |  |  | always *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer permission=Stimulus |
| 2 | **go** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  | the park |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to park=Initial\_Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The app asks for permission to use the camera.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:permission:x8:1
# text = The app asks for permission to use the camera.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	app	app	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	asks	ask	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | the app |  |  |  |  | for permission | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **use** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the app *not said here* | the camera |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent camera=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Please give me permission to leave you today.”

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:permission:x9:1
# text = “Please give me permission to leave you today.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	_
3	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	permission	permission	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* | permission | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient permission=Theme |
| 2 | **leave** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | you |  |  | today |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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