---
title: perpetually — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «perpetually» in the school dictionary: All the time, without stopping; forever. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# perpetually

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** it, he, little brother, Earth, dog, Uncle Joe · **What happens:** stop, seem, be, spin, bark, drip · **To what, where:** axis, office printer, family

<!-- .vabout -->
«perpetually» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [perpetually in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/perpetually.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All the time, without stopping; forever.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perpetually:m1:1
# text = All the time, without stopping; forever.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	3	det:predet	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
8	forever	forever	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | gerund |  |  |  |  | time | forever *property* | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Again and again, so often it seems constant: he is perpetually late.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perpetually:m2:1
# text = Again and again, so often it seems constant: he is perpetually late.
1	Again	again	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	again	again	ADV	RB	_	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	often	often	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	seems	seem	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	constant	constant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
13	perpetually	perpetually	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** | present | it |  |  |  | again | constant, often *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | he |  |  |  |  | late, perpetually *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My little brother is perpetually hungry.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perpetually:x1:1
# text = My little brother is perpetually hungry.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	perpetually	perpetually	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	hungry	hungry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My little brother |  |  |  |  | hungry, perpetually *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Earth spins perpetually on its axis.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perpetually:x2:1
# text = The Earth spins perpetually on its axis.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spins	spin	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	perpetually	perpetually	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	axis	axis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spin** | present | the Earth |  |  | Earth's axis |  | perpetually *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme on axis=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our neighbour's dog barks perpetually.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perpetually:x3:1
# text = Our neighbour's dog barks perpetually.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	barks	bark	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	perpetually	perpetually	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bark** | present | Our neighbour's dog |  |  |  |  | perpetually *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Uncle Joe is perpetually late for dinner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perpetually:x4:1
# text = Uncle Joe is perpetually late for dinner.
1	Uncle	Uncle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Joe	Joe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	perpetually	perpetually	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Uncle Joe |  |  |  |  | for dinner; late, perpetually *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tap dripped perpetually all night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perpetually:x5:1
# text = The tap dripped perpetually all night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tap	tap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dripped	drip	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	perpetually	perpetually	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drip** | past | the tap |  |  |  | night | perpetually *property* | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She seemed perpetually cheerful.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perpetually:x6:1
# text = She seemed perpetually cheerful.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	perpetually	perpetually	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	cheerful	cheerful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** | past | She |  |  |  |  | cheerful *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The office printer is perpetually broken.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perpetually:x7:1
# text = The office printer is perpetually broken.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	office	office	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	printer	printer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	perpetually	perpetually	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | present · passive |  | the office printer |  |  |  | perpetually *property* | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The river flows perpetually to the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perpetually:x8:1
# text = The river flows perpetually to the sea.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	perpetually	perpetually	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | present | the river |  |  |  |  | to the sea; perpetually *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A FATHER had a family of sons who were perpetually quarreling among themselves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perpetually:x9:1
# text = A FATHER had a family of sons who were perpetually quarreling among themselves.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	FATHER	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sons	son	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	perpetually	perpetually	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	quarreling	quarrel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	among	among	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | a FATHER | a family of sons |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent family=Patient |
| 2 | **quarrel** | past · progressive | sons |  |  |  |  | among sons *= son*; perpetually *property* | vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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