---
title: perpetuate — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «perpetuate» in the school dictionary: To make something continue for a long time, often something bad like a myth, an unfair idea or a problem. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# perpetuate

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** something, statue, Jokes, film, bats, Sharing · **What happens:** make, continue, keep, perpetuate, be, share · **To what, where:** something, memory, unkind stereotypes, myth, fake news, lies

<!-- .vabout -->
«perpetuate» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [perpetuate in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/perpetuate.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make something continue for a long time, often something bad like a myth, an unfair idea or a problem.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perpetuate:m1:1
# text = To make something continue for a long time, often something bad like a myth, an unfair idea or a problem.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	continue	continue	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	often	often	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	conj	_	_
12	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	myth	myth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	unfair	unfair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **continue** | infinitive | something *not said here* |  |  |  | time |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To keep a memory or name alive.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perpetuate:m2:1
# text = To keep a memory or name alive.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	alive	alive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  | a memory or name |  |  |  | alive *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent memory=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"The statue perpetuates his memory."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perpetuate:m2e:1
# text = "The statue perpetuates his memory."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	statue	statue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	perpetuates	perpetuate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perpetuate** *in a quote* | present | the statue | statue's memory |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent memory=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jokes like that perpetuate unkind stereotypes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perpetuate:x1:1
# text = Jokes like that perpetuate unkind stereotypes.
1	Jokes	joke	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	like	like	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	1	nmod	_	_
4	perpetuate	perpetuate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	stereotypes	stereotype	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perpetuate** | present | Jokes like that | unkind stereotypes |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent stereotype=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film perpetuates the myth that bats are blind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perpetuate:x2:1
# text = The film perpetuates the myth that bats are blind.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	perpetuates	perpetuate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	myth	myth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	blind	blind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perpetuate** | present | the film | the myth |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent myth=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | bats | the myth *not said here* |  |  |  | blind *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sharing fake news perpetuates lies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perpetuate:x3:1
# text = Sharing fake news perpetuates lies.
1	Sharing	share	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	fake	fake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	perpetuates	perpetuate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	lies	lie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** | gerund |  | fake news |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **perpetuate** | present | Sharing | lies |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent lie=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The scholarship perpetuates the memory of a kind teacher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perpetuate:x4:1
# text = The scholarship perpetuates the memory of a kind teacher.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scholarship	scholarship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	perpetuates	perpetuate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perpetuate** | present | the scholarship | the memory of a kind teacher |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent memory=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Poverty can perpetuate itself from parents to children.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perpetuate:x5:1
# text = Poverty can perpetuate itself from parents to children.
1	Poverty	poverty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	perpetuate	perpetuate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perpetuate** | can | Poverty | Poverty |  |  |  | from parents; to children | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent itself=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We must not perpetuate unfair rules.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perpetuate:x6:1
# text = We must not perpetuate unfair rules.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	perpetuate	perpetuate	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	unfair	unfair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **perpetuate** | must | We | unfair rules |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent rule=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Or perhaps she had really desired the son instead of the father, and her thwarted desire had perpetuated itself as hate.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:perpetuate:x7:1
# text = Or perhaps she had really desired the son instead of the father, and her thwarted desire had perpetuated itself as hate.
1	Or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	perhaps	perhaps	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	really	really	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	desired	desire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
15	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
16	thwarted	thwart	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	amod	_	_
17	desire	desire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
18	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	perpetuated	perpetuate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
20	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	19	obj	_	_
21	as	as	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	hate	hate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **desire** | past · perfect | she | the son |  |  |  | instead the father; perhaps *property* | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot son=Theme |
| 2 | **thwart** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **perpetuate** | past · perfect · passive |  | her thwarted desire |  |  |  | as hate | tree rules |
| 4 | **desire** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom desire «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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