---
title: personalised — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «personalised» in the school dictionary: Personalised means made specially for one person, often with their name or initials on it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# personalised

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** their, one person, I, my, teacher, You · **What happens:** personalis, mean, make, initial, name, change · **To what, where:** name, needs, something, you, personalised pencil case, personalised plan · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«personalised» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [personalised in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/personalised.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Personalised means made specially for one person, often with their name or initials on it.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:personalised:m1:1
# text = Personalised means made specially for one person, often with their name or initials on it.
1	Personalised	personalis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	specially	specially	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	often	often	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	initials	initial	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **personalis** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | for one person; specially *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for person=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **initial** | present |  |  |  | name |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **name** |  | their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Personalised also means changed to suit one person's needs or likes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:personalised:m2:1
# text = Personalised also means changed to suit one person's needs or likes.
1	Personalised	personalis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	ccomp	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	suit	suit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	needs	need	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	likes	like	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **personalis** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **change** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **suit** | to-infinitive |  | one person's needs or likes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **need** |  | one person |  |  |  |  |  | nom need «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To personalise something is to make it your own or suited to you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:personalised:m3:1
# text = To personalise something is to make it your own or suited to you.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	personalise	personalise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	suited	suit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **personalise** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | make, own *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **suit** | participle |  |  | you |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I got a personalised pencil case with my name on it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:personalised:x1:1
# text = I got a personalised pencil case with my name on it.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	personalised	personalis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
5	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | I | a personalised pencil case |  |  |  | with my name on name | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer case=Stimulus |
| 2 | **personalis** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **name** |  | my |  |  | name |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent on=place |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher made a personalised plan for each reader.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:personalised:x2:1
# text = The teacher made a personalised plan for each reader.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	personalised	personalis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	reader	reader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the teacher | a personalised plan |  |  |  | for each reader | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent plan=Product for reader=Asset |
| 2 | **personalis** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You can personalise your phone's background.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:personalised:x3:1
# text = You can personalise your phone's background.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	personalise	personalise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	background	background	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **personalise** | can | You | your phone's background |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The app shows personalised adverts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:personalised:x4:1
# text = The app shows personalised adverts.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	app	app	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	personalised	personalis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	adverts	advert	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the app | personalised adverts |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent advert=Recipient |
| 2 | **personalis** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum ordered a personalised birthday cake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:personalised:x5:1
# text = Mum ordered a personalised birthday cake.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ordered	order	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	personalised	personalis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
5	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **order** | past | Mum | a personalised birthday cake |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cake=Theme |
| 2 | **personalis** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Personalised number plates cost a lot of money.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:personalised:x6:1
# text = Personalised number plates cost a lot of money.
1	Personalised	personalis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
2	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	plates	plate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	cost	cost	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **personalis** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cost** | present | Personalised number plates | a lot of money |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme lot=Value |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We personalised our lockers with stickers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:personalised:x7:1
# text = We personalised our lockers with stickers.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	personalised	personalis	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	lockers	locker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	stickers	sticker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **personalis** | past | We | our lockers |  |  |  | with stickers | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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