---
title: pert — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pert» in the school dictionary: Pert means cheeky and bold, not showing proper respect to someone older. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pert

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**Who acts:** Pert, you, pert sparrow, He · **What happens:** mean, not show, do, not be, hop, give · **To what, where:** proper respect, someone, table, pert little grin

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«pert» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pert in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pert.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pert means cheeky and bold, not showing proper respect to someone older.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pert:m1:1
# text = Pert means cheeky and bold, not showing proper respect to someone older.
1	Pert	pert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	cheeky	cheeky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	bold	bold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	showing	show	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
9	proper	proper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	respect	respect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obl	_	_
13	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Pert |  |  |  |  | cheeky *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **show** | gerund | Pert *not said here* | proper respect | someone |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent respect=Topic to someone=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old use — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Neat, lively and smart.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pert:m2:1
# text = Neat, lively and smart.
1	Neat	Neat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	lively	lively	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	amod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	smart	smart	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't be so pert with your teacher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pert:x1:1
# text = Don't be so pert with your teacher.
1	Do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	pert	pert	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	ccomp	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with your teacher; pert *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pert sparrow hopped right up to our table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pert:x2:1
# text = The pert sparrow hopped right up to our table.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	pert	pert	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sparrow	sparrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	hopped	hop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	right	right	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hop** | past | the pert sparrow |  |  | our table |  | right *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme up table=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He gave a pert little grin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pert:x3:1
# text = He gave a pert little grin.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	pert	pert	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	grin	grin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | He | a pert little grin |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grin=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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