---
title: peruse — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «peruse» in the school dictionary: To read or look at something carefully and in detail. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# peruse

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, Dad, detective, We, She, Grandma · **What happens:** read, look, peruse, start, find, take · **To what, where:** shelves, instructions, menu, letter, books, school fair

<!-- .vabout -->
«peruse» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [peruse in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/peruse.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To read or look at something carefully and in detail.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peruse:m1:1
# text = To read or look at something carefully and in detail.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	_
7	carefully	carefully	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	detail	detail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **look** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | at something; carefully *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at something=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, common use — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To look through something casually or browse: perusing the shelves of a shop.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peruse:m2:1
# text = To look through something casually or browse: perusing the shelves of a shop.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	through	through	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	_
5	casually	casually	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	browse	browse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
9	perusing	peruse	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	shelves	shelf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | through something | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent through something=Theme |
| 2 | **peruse** | gerund |  | the shelves of a shop |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shelf=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please peruse the instructions before you start.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peruse:x1:1
# text = Please peruse the instructions before you start.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	peruse	peruse	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	instructions	instruction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	start	start	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **peruse** | imperative | you *not said here* | the instructions |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent instruction=Theme |
| 2 | **start** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad perused the menu for ages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peruse:x2:1
# text = Dad perused the menu for ages.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	perused	peruse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	menu	menu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	ages	age	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **peruse** | past | Dad | the menu |  |  | for ages |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent menu=Theme for age=Attribute |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The detective perused the letter for clues.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peruse:x3:1
# text = The detective perused the letter for clues.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	detective	detective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	perused	peruse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	clues	clue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **peruse** | past | the detective | the letter |  |  |  | for clues | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent letter=Theme for clue=Attribute |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We perused the books at the school fair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peruse:x4:1
# text = We perused the books at the school fair.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	perused	peruse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	fair	fair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **peruse** | past | We | the books |  | the school fair |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She perused the map to find the shortest road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peruse:x5:1
# text = She perused the map to find the shortest road.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	perused	peruse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	shortest	short	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **peruse** | past | She | the map |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent map=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | the shortest road |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Take a moment to peruse the questions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peruse:x6:1
# text = Take a moment to peruse the questions.
1	Take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	peruse	peruse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	csubj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	questions	question	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  | moment |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **peruse** | to-infinitive |  | the questions |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent question=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma likes perusing the newspaper over breakfast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:peruse:x7:1
# text = Grandma likes perusing the newspaper over breakfast.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	likes	like	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	perusing	peruse	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	breakfast	breakfast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | present | Grandma |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **peruse** *not said to happen* | gerund | Grandma *not said here* | the newspaper |  | breakfast |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent newspaper=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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