---
title: pes — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pes» in the school dictionary: The foot, or the foot part of an animal's back leg; used by scientists, as in "pes planus" (flat foot). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pes

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pes, Doctors, scientist, word, timetable, Henceforward · **What happens:** use, write, be, mean, call, have · **To what, where:** foot, PE, name, old texts, flat feet, three big toes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«pes» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pes in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pes.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: anatomy, Latin — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The foot, or the foot part of an animal's back leg; used by scientists, as in "pes planus" (flat foot).

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pes:m1:1
# text = The foot, or the foot part of an animal's back leg; used by scientists, as in "pes planus" (flat foot).
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	back	back	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	pes	pe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	compound	_	_
23	planus	planus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	_
25	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | the foot or the foot part of a animal's back leg *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: fragment — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Often a piece of a bigger word or a plural of PE written as "PEs" (physical education lessons).

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pes:m2:1
# text = Often a piece of a bigger word or a plural of PE written as "PEs" (physical education lessons).
1	Often	often	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
7	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	plural	plural	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	PE	pe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	PEs	Pe	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	13	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
18	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	physical	physical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	education	education	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	lessons	lesson	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  | PE *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In old texts, pes can also be a name for a hound or dog.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pes:m3:1
# text = In old texts, pes can also be a name for a hound or dog.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	texts	text	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	pes	pe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
7	also	also	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	hound	hound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | pes | a name |  | old texts |  | for a hound or dog | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Latin, "pes" means foot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pes:x1:1
# text = In Latin, "pes" means foot.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Latin	Latin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	pes	pes	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | pes | foot |  |  |  | in Latin | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot foot=Theme in latin=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Doctors call flat feet "pes planus".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pes:x2:1
# text = Doctors call flat feet "pes planus".
1	Doctors	doctor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	pes	pe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	compound	_	_
7	planus	planus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present | Doctors | flat feet |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent foot=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dinosaur's pes had three big toes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pes:x3:1
# text = The dinosaur's pes had three big toes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	pes	pe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
7	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	toes	toe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the dinosaur's pes | three big toes |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toe=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The scientist measured the length of the fossil pes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pes:x4:1
# text = The scientist measured the length of the fossil pes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scientist	scientist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	measured	measure	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	length	length	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	fossil	fossil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	pes	pe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **measure** | past | the scientist | the length of the fossil pes |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme length=Value |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word "pedal" comes from Latin "pes, pedis", foot.

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pes:x5:1
# text = The word "pedal" comes from Latin "pes, pedis", foot.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	pedal	pedal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	Latin	Latin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	pes	pe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	pedis	pedis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | the word |  |  | Latin pes and foot |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from pe=Initial\_Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our timetable lists two PEs a week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pes:x6:1
# text = Our timetable lists two PEs a week.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	timetable	timetable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lists	list	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	PEs	Pe	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **list** | present | Our timetable | two PEs  a week |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Henceforward shalt thou be a Hound (Pes, or Pyos), an unclean beast.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pes:x7:1
# text = Henceforward shalt thou be a Hound (Pes, or Pyos), an unclean beast.
1	Henceforward	Henceforward	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
3	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nsubj	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Hound	hound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Pes	Pe	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	Pyos	Pyos	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	unclean	unclean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	beast	beast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | shall | Henceforward | a Hound |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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