---
title: pesticide — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pesticide» in the school dictionary: A pesticide is a chemical used to kill pests — insects, weeds, fungi or small animals that damage crops or gardens. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pesticide

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pesticide, small animals, Pesticides, farmer, Organic farms, you · **What happens:** be, use, kill, damage, include, spray · **To what, where:** chemical, pests, crops, insecticides, pesticide, potatoes

<!-- .vabout -->
«pesticide» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pesticide in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pesticide.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pesticide is a chemical used to kill pests — insects, weeds, fungi or small animals that damage crops or gardens.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pesticide:m1:1
# text = A pesticide is a chemical used to kill pests — insects, weeds, fungi or small animals that damage crops or gardens.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pesticide	pesticide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	chemical	chemical	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
9	pests	pest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
11	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	weeds	weed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	fungi	fungus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	damage	damage	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	_
21	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	gardens	garden	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pesticide | a chemical and insects and weeds and fungi or small animals |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a chemical and insects and weeds and fungi or small animals *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **kill** | to-infinitive |  | pests |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pest=Theme |
| 4 | **damage** | present | small animals | crops or gardens |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crop=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pesticides include insecticides (for insects), herbicides (for weeds) and fungicides (for moulds and fungi).

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pesticide:m2:1
# text = Pesticides include insecticides (for insects), herbicides (for weeds) and fungicides (for moulds and fungi).
1	Pesticides	pesticide	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	include	include	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	insecticides	insecticide	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	herbicides	herbicide	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	weeds	weed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	fungicides	fungicide	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
16	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	moulds	mould	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	appos	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	fungi	fungus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | present | Pesticides | insecticides and herbicides and fungicides |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insecticide=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer sprayed pesticide on the potatoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pesticide:x1:1
# text = The farmer sprayed pesticide on the potatoes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sprayed	spray	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	pesticide	pesticide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	potatoes	potato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spray** | past | the farmer | pesticide |  | the potatoes |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent pesticide=Theme on potato=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some pesticides can harm bees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pesticide:x2:1
# text = Some pesticides can harm bees.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	pesticides	pesticide	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	harm	harm	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	bees	bee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harm** | can | some pesticides | bees |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus bee=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Organic farms use fewer chemical pesticides.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pesticide:x3:1
# text = Organic farms use fewer chemical pesticides.
1	Organic	organic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	farms	farm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	fewer	few	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
5	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	pesticides	pesticide	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Organic farms | fewer chemical pesticides |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pesticide=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wash fruit before you eat it to remove pesticide.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pesticide:x4:1
# text = Wash fruit before you eat it to remove pesticide.
1	Wash	wash	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	remove	remove	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
9	pesticide	pesticide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | imperative | you *not said here* | fruit |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fruit=Patient |
| 2 | **eat** | present | you | fruit |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 3 | **remove** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | pesticide |  |  |  |  | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pesticide=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ladybirds are a natural way to control aphids without pesticides.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pesticide:x5:1
# text = Ladybirds are a natural way to control aphids without pesticides.
1	Ladybirds	ladybird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	control	control	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	aphids	aphid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	without	without	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	pesticides	pesticide	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ladybirds | a natural way |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **control** | to-infinitive |  | aphids |  |  |  | without pesticides | vn enforce-63 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aphid=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep pesticides locked away from children and pets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pesticide:x6:1
# text = Keep pesticides locked away from children and pets.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	pesticides	pesticide	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	locked	lock	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	away	away	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	pets	pet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | pesticides |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pesticide=Theme |
| 2 | **lock away** | participle |  | pesticides *not said here* |  |  |  | from children and pets; away *property* | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pesticide washed into the river and harmed the fish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pesticide:x7:1
# text = The pesticide washed into the river and harmed the fish.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pesticide	pesticide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	washed	wash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
8	harmed	harm	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | participle |  | the pesticide *not said here* |  | the river |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **harm** | past | the pesticide | the fish |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus fish=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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