---
title: pestilent — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pestilent» in the school dictionary: Causing disease or illness, carrying plague. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pestilent

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**Who acts:** pestilent air, pestilent fly · **What happens:** cause, carry, make, keep, buzz · **To what, where:** disease, plague, people

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«pestilent» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pestilent in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pestilent.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Causing disease or illness, carrying plague.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pestilent:m1:1
# text = Causing disease or illness, carrying plague.
1	Causing	cause	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
7	plague	plague	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | gerund |  | disease or illness |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition disease=Patient |
| 2 | **carry** | gerund |  | plague |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plague=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Very annoying or troublesome.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pestilent:m2:1
# text = Very annoying or troublesome.
1	Very	very	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	annoying	annoying	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	troublesome	troublesome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

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The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pestilent air made the people sick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pestilent:x1:1
# text = The pestilent air made the people sick.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	pestilent	pestilent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	sick	sick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the pestilent air | the people |  |  |  | sick *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset people=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That pestilent fly kept buzzing round my head.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pestilent:x2:1
# text = That pestilent fly kept buzzing round my head.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	pestilent	pestilent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	fly	fly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	buzzing	buzz	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	round	round	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | that pestilent fly |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **buzz** | gerund | that pestilent fly *not said here* |  |  |  |  | round my head | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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