---
title: pestle — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pestle» in the school dictionary: A heavy stick with a rounded end, used for crushing and grinding things in a mortar. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pestle

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**Who acts:** you, witch · **What happens:** round, use, crush, grind, push · **To what, where:** heavy stick, things, mortar, herbs, pestle

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«pestle» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pestle in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pestle.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A heavy stick with a rounded end, used for crushing and grinding things in a mortar.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pestle:m1:1
# text = A heavy stick with a rounded end, used for crushing and grinding things in a mortar.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	rounded	round	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
10	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	crushing	crush	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	grinding	grind	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	conj	_	_
14	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	mortar	mortar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **round** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | a heavy stick with a rounded end *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **crush** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **grind** | gerund |  | things |  | a mortar |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grind the herbs with the pestle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pestle:x1:1
# text = Grind the herbs with the pestle.
1	Grind	grind	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	herbs	herb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pestle	pestle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grind** | imperative | you *not said here* | the herbs |  |  |  | with the pestle | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent herb=Patient with pestle=Instrument |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The witch pushed her mortar along with the pestle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pestle:x2:1
# text = The witch pushed her mortar along with the pestle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pushed	push	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	mortar	mortar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	along	along	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	pestle	pestle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | past | the witch | witch's mortar |  | the pestle |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent mortar=Theme along pestle=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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