---
title: petrifaction — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «petrifaction» in the school dictionary: The turning of something into stone. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# petrifaction

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**Who acts:** something, you, method, Fear · **What happens:** turn, be, not move, cause, petrify · **To what, where:** state, petrifaction, doorway

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«petrifaction» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [petrifaction in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/petrifaction.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The turning of something into stone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:petrifaction:m1:1
# text = The turning of something into stone.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	turning	turning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** |  | something |  |  |  |  |  | nom turning «act intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

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Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A state of being so frightened that you cannot move.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:petrifaction:m2:1
# text = A state of being so frightened that you cannot move.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	frightened	frightened	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | gerund · passive |  | a state |  |  |  | frightened *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **move** | can | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gorgon's method of petrifaction is strange.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:petrifaction:x1:1
# text = The gorgon's method of petrifaction is strange.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gorgon	gorgon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	method	method	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	petrifaction	petrifaction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the gorgon's method of petrifaction |  |  |  |  | strange *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fear caused his petrifaction in the doorway.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:petrifaction:x2:1
# text = Fear caused his petrifaction in the doorway.
1	Fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	petrifaction	petrifaction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	doorway	doorway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | Fear | Fear's petrifaction |  | the doorway |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition petrifaction=Patient |
| 2 | **petrify** |  | Fear |  |  |  |  |  | nom petrifaction «process transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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