---
title: petroleum — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «petroleum» in the school dictionary: Petroleum is crude oil: a thick, dark liquid found deep underground that is used to make petrol, diesel, plastics and many other things. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# petroleum

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Petroleum, thick dark liquid, Petroleum jelly, Many plastics, countries, Oil spills · **What happens:** be, find, use, make, pump, come · **To what, where:** crude oil, that, petrol, soft greasy substance, oil, dry skin

<!-- .vabout -->
«petroleum» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [petroleum in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/petroleum.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Petroleum is crude oil: a thick, dark liquid found deep underground that is used to make petrol, diesel, plastics and many other things.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:petroleum:m1:1
# text = Petroleum is crude oil: a thick, dark liquid found deep underground that is used to make petrol, diesel, plastics and many other things.
1	Petroleum	Petroleum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	crude	crude	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
12	deep	deep	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	underground	underground	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	advcl	_	_
19	petrol	petrol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	diesel	diesel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	plastics	plastic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
25	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
26	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Petroleum | crude oil |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | past | a thick dark liquid | crude oil *not said here* |  |  |  | underground *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oil=Topic |
| 3 | **use** | present · passive |  | that |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | petrol and diesel and plastics and many other things |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset petrol=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Petroleum jelly is a soft greasy substance made from oil, used on dry skin.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:petroleum:m2:1
# text = Petroleum jelly is a soft greasy substance made from oil, used on dry skin.
1	Petroleum	Petroleum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	jelly	jelly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	greasy	greasy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	substance	substance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Petroleum jelly | a soft greasy substance |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a soft greasy substance *not said here* |  | oil |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from oil=Material |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  | a soft greasy substance *not said here* |  | dry skin |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Petroleum is pumped from under the ground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:petroleum:x1:1
# text = Petroleum is pumped from under the ground.
1	Petroleum	Petroleum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	pumped	pump	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	under	under	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pump** | present · passive |  | Petroleum |  | the ground |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination»: subject=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Petrol and diesel are made from petroleum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:petroleum:x2:1
# text = Petrol and diesel are made from petroleum.
1	Petrol	petrol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	diesel	diesel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	petroleum	petroleum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Petrol and diesel |  | petroleum |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from petroleum=Material |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many plastics come from petroleum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:petroleum:x3:1
# text = Many plastics come from petroleum.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	plastics	plastic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	petroleum	petroleum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Many plastics |  |  | petroleum |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from petroleum=Initial\_Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Petroleum is a fossil fuel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:petroleum:x4:1
# text = Petroleum is a fossil fuel.
1	Petroleum	Petroleum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	fossil	fossil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Petroleum | a fossil fuel |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some countries earn lots of money from petroleum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:petroleum:x5:1
# text = Some countries earn lots of money from petroleum.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	earn	earn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	petroleum	petroleum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **earn** | present | some countries | lots of money |  | petroleum |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent lot=Theme from petroleum=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Petroleum jelly helps chapped lips.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:petroleum:x6:1
# text = Petroleum jelly helps chapped lips.
1	Petroleum	petroleum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	jelly	jelly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	chapped	chap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Petroleum jelly | chapped lips |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lip=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **chap** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oil spills of petroleum harm sea birds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:petroleum:x7:1
# text = Oil spills of petroleum harm sea birds.
1	Oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	spills	spill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	petroleum	petroleum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	harm	harm	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harm** | present | Oil spills of petroleum | sea birds |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus bird=Experiencer |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Petroleum will run out one day because it is non-renewable.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:petroleum:x8:1
# text = Petroleum will run out one day because it is non-renewable.
1	Petroleum	petroleum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	non-renewable	non-renewable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run out** | future | Petroleum |  |  |  | day |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | Petroleum |  |  |  |  | non-renewable *property* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fine magnificence, truly! all made up of gas and petroleum!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:petroleum:x9:1
# text = A fine magnificence, truly! all made up of gas and petroleum!
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	magnificence	magnificence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
7	all	all	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	petroleum	petroleum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make up** | participle |  | a fine magnificence *not said here* |  |  |  | of gas and petroleum; all, truly *property* | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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