---
title: phoenician — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «phoenician» in the school dictionary: Belonging to Phoenicia, an ancient land of trading cities (like Tyre, Sidon and Byblos) on the coast of what is now Lebanon, about 1500–300 BC. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# phoenician

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Phoenician alphabet, Greek, Phoenicians, alphabet, Phoenician traders, Carthage · **What happens:** belong, be, come, sail, sell, become · **To what, where:** ancient land, Phoenicia, coast, Lebanon, one, alphabet

<!-- .vabout -->
«phoenician» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [phoenician in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/phoenician.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Belonging to Phoenicia, an ancient land of trading cities (like Tyre, Sidon and Byblos) on the coast of what is now Lebanon, about 1500–300 BC.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:phoenician:m1:1
# text = Belonging to Phoenicia, an ancient land of trading cities (like Tyre, Sidon and Byblos) on the coast of what is now Lebanon, about 1500–300 BC.
1	Belonging	belong	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Phoenicia	Phoenicia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	trading	trading	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Tyre	Tyre	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	Sidon	Sidon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	Byblos	Byblos	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	21	nmod	_	_
24	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
25	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	26	advmod	_	_
26	Lebanon	Lebanon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	about	about	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	1500	1500	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	26	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	31	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	300	300	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	29	nmod	_	_
32	BC	BC	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belong** | gerund |  | a ancient land of trading cities | Phoenicia | the coast |  |  | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | Lebanon |  |  | now |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person from Phoenicia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:phoenician:m2:1
# text = A person from Phoenicia.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Phoenicia	Phoenicia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Phoenician alphabet was one of the first alphabets, with letters for sounds; Greek, Latin and our ABC came from it.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:phoenician:m3:1
# text = The Phoenician alphabet was one of the first alphabets, with letters for sounds; Greek, Latin and our ABC came from it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Phoenician	phoenician	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	amod	_	_
9	alphabets	alphabet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	sounds	sound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
16	Greek	Greek	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	Latin	Latin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	ABC	abc	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
22	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
23	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Phoenician alphabet | one |  |  |  | of the first alphabets and letters for sounds | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | past | Greek and Latin and our ABC |  |  | alphabet |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from it=Initial\_Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Phoenicians sailed all over the Mediterranean.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:phoenician:x1:1
# text = The Phoenicians sailed all over the Mediterranean.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Phoenicians	Phoenician	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sailed	sail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Mediterranean	Mediterranean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sail** | past | the Phoenicians |  |  | the Mediterranean |  | all *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over mediterranean=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our alphabet comes from the Phoenician alphabet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:phoenician:x2:1
# text = Our alphabet comes from the Phoenician alphabet.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Phoenician	phoenician	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	alphabet	alphabet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | present | Our alphabet |  |  | the Phoenician alphabet |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from alphabet=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Phoenician traders sold purple dye and cedar wood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:phoenician:x3:1
# text = Phoenician traders sold purple dye and cedar wood.
1	Phoenician	phoenician	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	traders	trader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sold	sell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	purple	purple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	dye	dye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	cedar	cedar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sell** | past | Phoenician traders | purple dye and cedar wood |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dye=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Carthage was a Phoenician city in North Africa.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:phoenician:x4:1
# text = Carthage was a Phoenician city in North Africa.
1	Carthage	carthage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Phoenician	phoenician	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Carthage | a Phoenician city |  | North Africa |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Phoenician letter aleph became the Greek alpha and our A.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:phoenician:x5:1
# text = The Phoenician letter aleph became the Greek alpha and our A.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	Phoenician	phoenician	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	aleph	aleph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	alpha	alpha	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	A.	A.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | the Phoenician letter aleph | the Greek alpha and our A. |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tyre was a rich Phoenician port.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:phoenician:x6:1
# text = Tyre was a rich Phoenician port.
1	Tyre	tyre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	Phoenician	phoenician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	port	port	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Tyre | a rich Phoenician port |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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