---
title: photocopier — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «photocopier» in the school dictionary: A photocopier is a machine that makes paper copies of documents or pictures quickly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# photocopier

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** photocopier, machine, It, teacher, Paper, library · **What happens:** be, make, copy, work, run, get · **To what, where:** machine, paper copies, documents, thirty copies, photocopier, paper

<!-- .vabout -->
«photocopier» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [photocopier in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/photocopier.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A photocopier is a machine that makes paper copies of documents or pictures quickly.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photocopier:m1:1
# text = A photocopier is a machine that makes paper copies of documents or pictures quickly.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	photocopier	photocopier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	copies	copy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	documents	document	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a photocopier | a machine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | a machine | paper copies of documents or pictures |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset copy=Product |
| 3 | **copy** |  |  | documents or pictures |  |  |  |  | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It works with light and toner (a fine powder ink).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photocopier:m2:1
# text = It works with light and toner (a fine powder ink).
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	toner	toner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	ink	ink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | It |  |  |  |  | with light and toner | vn cooperate-73.1-3 «NP V PP.co-agent PP.theme»: agent=Agent with light=Co-Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher made thirty copies on the photocopier.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photocopier:x1:1
# text = The teacher made thirty copies on the photocopier.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	thirty	thirty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	copies	copy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	photocopier	photocopier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the teacher | thirty copies |  | the photocopier |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent copy=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The photocopier has run out of paper.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photocopier:x2:1
# text = The photocopier has run out of paper.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	photocopier	photocopier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	run	run	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | present · perfect | the photocopier |  |  | paper |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out paper=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Paper got stuck in the photocopier again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photocopier:x3:1
# text = Paper got stuck in the photocopier again.
1	Paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	stuck	stuck	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	photocopier	photocopier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	again	again	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | Paper |  |  |  | again | stuck *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our library has a photocopier you can use for ten cents a page.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photocopier:x4:1
# text = Our library has a photocopier you can use for ten cents a page.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	photocopier	photocopier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	cents	cent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Our library | a photocopier |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent photocopier=Patient |
| 2 | **use** | can | you | a photocopier *not said here* |  |  |  | for ten cents and a page | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent photocopier=Theme for cent=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't put your hand on the glass while the photocopier is working.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photocopier:x5:1
# text = Don't put your hand on the glass while the photocopier is working.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	photocopier	photocopier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **put** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | your hand |  | the glass |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme on glass=Destination |
| 2 | **work** | present · progressive | the photocopier |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The photocopier made the picture bigger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photocopier:x6:1
# text = The photocopier made the picture bigger.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	photocopier	photocopier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the photocopier | the picture |  |  |  | big *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset picture=Product |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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