---
title: photograph — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «photograph» in the school dictionary: A photograph is a picture made with a camera. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# photograph

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** photograph, Mum, old photograph, you, We, plants · **What happens:** be, make, photograph, take, show, ask · **To what, where:** picture, something, photograph, beach, great grandad, plants

<!-- .vabout -->
«photograph» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [photograph in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/photograph.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A photograph is a picture made with a camera.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photograph:m1:1
# text = A photograph is a picture made with a camera.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	photograph	photograph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a photograph | a picture |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a picture *not said here* |  |  |  | with a camera | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To photograph something is to take a picture of it with a camera.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photograph:m2:1
# text = To photograph something is to take a picture of it with a camera.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	photograph	photograph	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nmod	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **photograph** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with a camera; take *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum took a photograph of us on the beach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photograph:x1:1
# text = Mum took a photograph of us on the beach.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	photograph	photograph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Mum | a photograph of us |  | the beach |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent photograph=Theme on beach=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This old photograph shows my great-grandad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photograph:x2:1
# text = This old photograph shows my great-grandad.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	photograph	photograph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	grandad	grandad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | this old photograph |  | my great grandad |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent grandad=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ask before you take someone's photograph.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photograph:x3:1
# text = Ask before you take someone's photograph.
1	Ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	take	take	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	ccomp	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	photograph	photograph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **take** | present | you | someone's photograph |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent photograph=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We photographed the plants every day to see them grow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photograph:x4:1
# text = We photographed the plants every day to see them grow.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	photographed	photograph	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **photograph** | past | We | the plants |  |  | day |  | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | plants *= plant* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **grow** | infinitive | plants *= plant* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school photograph is on the wall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photograph:x5:1
# text = Our school photograph is on the wall.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	photograph	photograph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Our school photograph |  |  | the wall |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Who is the girl in the photograph?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photograph:x6:1
# text = Who is the girl in the photograph?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	photograph	photograph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the girl |  | the photograph |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You may see photographs of these merry little black fellows before their troubles begin, in “Northern Races of Central Australia,” by Messrs.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photograph:x7:1
# text = You may see photographs of these merry little black fellows before their troubles begin, in “Northern Races of Central Australia,” by Messrs.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	photographs	photograph	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	10	nsubj	_	_
7	merry	merry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	fellows	fellow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
11	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	troubles	trouble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	begin	begin	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	Northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	Races	race	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	Central	Central	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	flat	_	_
22	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
25	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Messrs	Messrs	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | may | You | photographs of merry little black fellows |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer photograph=Stimulus |
| 2 | **begin** | present | fellows's troubles |  |  | Northern Races of Central Australia |  | by Messrs | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **trouble** |  | fellows *= fellow* |  |  |  |  |  | nom trouble «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
| 4 | **race** *in a quote* |  | Central Australia |  |  |  |  |  | nom race «event intransitive»: of=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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