---
title: photography — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «photography» in the school dictionary: Photography is the art, hobby or job of taking photographs with a camera or phone. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# photography

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Photography, job, film, aunt, We, mountains · **What happens:** be, take, mean, do, have, wait · **To what, where:** art, photographs, photos, beautiful photography, wildlife photography, Flash photography

<!-- .vabout -->
«photography» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [photography in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/photography.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Photography is the art, hobby or job of taking photographs with a camera or phone.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photography:m1:1
# text = Photography is the art, hobby or job of taking photographs with a camera or phone.
1	Photography	photography	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	hobby	hobby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
9	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	taking	take	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
11	photographs	photograph	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Photography | the art and hobby or job |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | gerund | job *not said here* | photographs |  |  |  | with a camera or phone | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent photograph=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Photography also means the photos in a book, film or magazine, and how they are done, as in «the film has beautiful photography».

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photography:m2:1
# text = Photography also means the photos in a book, film or magazine, and how they are done, as in «the film has beautiful photography».
1	Photography	photography	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	photos	photo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	magazine	magazine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	18	advmod	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
20	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	fixed	_	_
22	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
25	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
26	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	photography	photography	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Photography | the photos |  |  |  | in a book and film or magazine | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot photo=Theme in book=Attribute |
| 2 | **do** | present · passive |  | photos *= photo* |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 3 | **have** *in a quote* | present | the film | beautiful photography |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent photography=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My aunt does wildlife photography and waits hours for one shot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photography:x1:1
# text = My aunt does wildlife photography and waits hours for one shot.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	wildlife	wildlife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	photography	photography	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	waits	wait	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	shot	shot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | My aunt | wildlife photography |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent photography=Eventuality |
| 2 | **wait** | present | My aunt *not said here* |  |  |  | hour | for one shot | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Flash photography is not allowed in the museum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photography:x2:1
# text = Flash photography is not allowed in the museum.
1	Flash	flash	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	photography	photography	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	allowed	allow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **allow** | present · passive |  | Flash photography |  | the museum |  |  | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Beneficiary |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had a photography lesson on how to use light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photography:x3:1
# text = We had a photography lesson on how to use light.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	photography	photography	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
10	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | We | a photography lesson |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lesson=Patient |
| 2 | **use** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | light |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Photography was invented about two hundred years ago.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photography:x4:1
# text = Photography was invented about two hundred years ago.
1	Photography	photography	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	invented	invent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	compound	_	_
6	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invent** | past · passive |  | Photography |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film's photography made the mountains look magical.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photography:x5:1
# text = The film's photography made the mountains look magical.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	photography	photography	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
9	magical	magical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the film's photography |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | present | the mountains |  |  |  |  | magical *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He took up photography as a hobby.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:photography:x6:1
# text = He took up photography as a hobby.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	photography	photography	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hobby	hobby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take up** | past | He | photography |  |  |  | as a hobby | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent photography=Theme as hobby=Attribute |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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