---
title: physicist — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «physicist» in the school dictionary: A scientist who studies physics: the science of matter, energy, forces, light, sound, electricity and how the universe works. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# physicist

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** scientist, Isaac, Marie, physicist, rainbows, She · **What happens:** study, work, be, explain, form, want · **To what, where:** physics, famous physicist, physicist, black holes, huge machine, atoms · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«physicist» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [physicist in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/physicist.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A scientist who studies physics: the science of matter, energy, forces, light, sound, electricity and how the universe works.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:physicist:m1:1
# text = A scientist who studies physics: the science of matter, energy, forces, light, sound, electricity and how the universe works.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scientist	scientist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	studies	study	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	physics	physic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	forces	force	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
22	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	25	advmod	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	universe	universe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj	_	_
25	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	25	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present | a scientist | physics |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent physic=Topic |
| 2 | **work** | present | a scientist |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Isaac Newton was a famous physicist.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:physicist:x1:1
# text = Isaac Newton was a famous physicist.
1	Isaac	Isaac	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	Newton	Newton	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	physicist	physicist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Isaac | a famous physicist |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Marie Curie was both a physicist and a chemist.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:physicist:x2:1
# text = Marie Curie was both a physicist and a chemist.
1	Marie	Marie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	Curie	Curie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc:preconj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	physicist	physicist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	chemist	chemist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Marie | a physicist and a chemist |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The physicist explained how rainbows form.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:physicist:x3:1
# text = The physicist explained how rainbows form.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	physicist	physicist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	explained	explain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	rainbows	rainbow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	form	form	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | past | the physicist |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **form** | present | rainbows |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She wants to be a physicist and study black holes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:physicist:x4:1
# text = She wants to be a physicist and study black holes.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	physicist	physicist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	study	study	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Typo=Yes|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **is a** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | a physicist |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **study** | present | She *not said here* | black holes |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Physicists built the huge machine to smash atoms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:physicist:x5:1
# text = Physicists built the huge machine to smash atoms.
1	Physicists	physicist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	smash	smash	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	atoms	atom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past | Physicists | the huge machine |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset machine=Product |
| 2 | **smash** | to-infinitive | Physicists *not said here* | atoms |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent atom=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A physicist helped design the hospital's scanner.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:physicist:x6:1
# text = A physicist helped design the hospital's scanner.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	physicist	physicist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	design	design	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hospital	hospital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	scanner	scanner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | a physicist |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **design** | infinitive | a physicist *not said here* | the hospital's scanner |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent scanner=Result |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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