---
title: pinhole — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pinhole» in the school dictionary: A pinhole is a very small hole, like one made by a pin. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pinhole

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pinhole, pinhole camera, lens, We, picture, you · **What happens:** be, make, shine, use, watch, let out · **To what, where:** small hole, simple camera, box, down picture, pinhole camera, shoebox

<!-- .vabout -->
«pinhole» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pinhole in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pinhole.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pinhole is a very small hole, like one made by a pin.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pinhole:m1:1
# text = A pinhole is a very small hole, like one made by a pin.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pinhole	pinhole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	appos	_	_
11	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	pin	pin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pinhole | a small hole |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by a pin | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pinhole camera is a simple camera made from a box with a tiny hole, and no lens, that makes an upside-down picture inside.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pinhole:m2:1
# text = A pinhole camera is a simple camera made from a box with a tiny hole, and no lens, that makes an upside-down picture inside.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	pinhole	pinhole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	19	det	_	_
19	lens	lens	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
22	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	acl:relcl	_	_
23	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
24	upside	upside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	down	down	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
28	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pinhole camera | a simple camera and no lens |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | participle |  | a simple camera and no lens *not said here* |  | a box with a tiny hole |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from box=Material |
| 3 | **make** | present | no lens | a down picture |  |  |  | inside *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset picture=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made a pinhole camera from a shoebox.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pinhole:x1:1
# text = We made a pinhole camera from a shoebox.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	pinhole	pinhole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	shoebox	shoebox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | a pinhole camera |  | a shoebox |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent camera=Product from shoebox=Material |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The picture in the pinhole camera was upside down.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pinhole:x2:1
# text = The picture in the pinhole camera was upside down.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	pinhole	pinhole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	upside	upside	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	down	down	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the picture in the pinhole camera |  |  |  |  | down, upside *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light shone through a pinhole in the curtain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pinhole:x3:1
# text = Light shone through a pinhole in the curtain.
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	shone	shine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pinhole	pinhole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	curtain	curtain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shine** | participle |  | Light *not said here* |  | a pinhole in the curtain |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through pinhole=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use a pinhole viewer to watch the eclipse safely.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pinhole:x4:1
# text = Use a pinhole viewer to watch the eclipse safely.
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	pinhole	pinhole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	viewer	viewer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	watch	watch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	eclipse	eclipse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	safely	safely	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | a pinhole viewer |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent viewer=Patient |
| 2 | **watch** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the eclipse |  |  |  | safely *property* | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eclipse=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pinhole in the tyre let the air out slowly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pinhole:x5:1
# text = A pinhole in the tyre let the air out slowly.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pinhole	pinhole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tyre	tyre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	let	let	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
10	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let out** | past | a pinhole in the tyre | the air |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light travels in straight lines through the pinhole.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pinhole:x6:1
# text = Light travels in straight lines through the pinhole.
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	travels	travel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	straight	straight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pinhole	pinhole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | present | Light |  |  | straight lines |  | through the pinhole | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in line=Trajectory |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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