---
title: pinion — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pinion» in the school dictionary: To hold or tie someone's arms tightly so they cannot move them. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pinion

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** arms, bird, teeth, guards, eagle, rack · **What happens:** hold, tie, not move, cut, not fly, fit · **To what, where:** arms, them, wing feathers, larger wheel, Toad, pinions

<!-- .vabout -->
«pinion» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pinion in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pinion.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hold or tie someone's arms tightly so they cannot move them.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pinion:m1:1
# text = To hold or tie someone's arms tightly so they cannot move them.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hold	hold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	tie	tie	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	tightly	tightly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
9	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **tie** | infinitive |  | someone's arms |  |  |  | tightly *property* | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **move** | can | arms *= arm* | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent they=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cut or tie a bird's wing feathers so it cannot fly.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pinion:m2:1
# text = To cut or tie a bird's wing feathers so it cannot fly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	tie	tie	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	wing	wing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
10	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **tie** | infinitive |  | a bird's wing feathers |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient |
| 3 | **not** **fly** | can | bird |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun, poetic — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bird's wing, or the outer part of a wing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pinion:m3:1
# text = A bird's wing, or the outer part of a wing.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	wing	wing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	outer	outer	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	wing	wing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun, machines — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small gear wheel with teeth that fits into a larger wheel or a toothed bar (rack and pinion).

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pinion:m4:1
# text = A small gear wheel with teeth that fits into a larger wheel or a toothed bar (rack and pinion).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	gear	gear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	fits	fit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	larger	large	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	toothed	toothed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	bar	bar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	rack	rack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	pinion	pinion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fit** | present | teeth |  |  | a larger wheel or a toothed bar |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent into wheel=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The guards pinioned the thief's arms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pinion:x1:1
# text = The guards pinioned the thief's arms.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	guards	guard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pinioned	pinion	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	thief	thief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pinion** | past | the guards | the thief's arms |  |  |  |  | vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toad was seized and pinioned by two policemen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pinion:x2:1
# text = Toad was seized and pinioned by two policemen.
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	seized	seize	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	pinioned	pinion	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	policemen	policeman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seize** | past · passive |  | Toad |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **pinion** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by two policemen | vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The eagle spread its pinions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pinion:x3:1
# text = The eagle spread its pinions.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	eagle	eagle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	pinions	pinion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | past | the eagle | eagle's pinions |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location pinion=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rack and pinion moves the train up the mountain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pinion:x4:1
# text = A rack and pinion moves the train up the mountain.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rack	rack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	pinion	pinion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	train	train	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move up** | present | a rack and pinion | the train |  |  |  | the mountain *obl:unmarked* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent train=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The swans' wings were pinioned so they could not fly away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pinion:x5:1
# text = The swans' wings were pinioned so they could not fly away.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	swans	swan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	'	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	pinioned	pinion	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
12	away	away	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pinion** | past · passive |  | the swans's wings |  |  |  |  | vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: subject=Source |
| 2 | **not** **fly away** | could | wings *= wing* |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He was pinioned to the ground by the bigger boy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pinion:x6:1
# text = He was pinioned to the ground by the bigger boy.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	pinioned	pinion	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	amod	_	_
10	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pinion** | past · passive | the bigger boy | He |  |  |  | to the ground | vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Source |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They are curious birds; they give one flap with their wings, and then on their outstretched pinions soar far away.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pinion:x7:1
# text = They are curious birds; they give one flap with their wings, and then on their outstretched pinions soar far away.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	curious	curious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	flap	flap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
15	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	20	advmod	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
18	outstretched	outstretched	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	pinions	pinion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
20	soar	soar	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
21	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	22	advmod	_	_
22	away	away	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | They | curious birds |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | present | birds *= bird* | one flap |  |  |  | with birds's wings | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flap=Theme |
| 3 | **soar** | present | birds's outstretched pinions |  |  |  | then | away *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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