---
title: pirozhki — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pirozhki» in the school dictionary: Pirozhki are small baked or fried buns filled with things like potato, cabbage, meat, mushrooms, cheese or fruit, eaten in Russia, Ukraine and nearby countries. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pirozhki

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Pirozhki, It, Gran, We, mum, One little bun · **What happens:** bake, fry, be, fill, eat, borrow · **To what, where:** small baked buns, Russia, borrowed word, word, pirozhki, hot pirozhki · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«pirozhki» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pirozhki in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pirozhki.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pirozhki are small baked or fried buns filled with things like potato, cabbage, meat, mushrooms, cheese or fruit, eaten in Russia, Ukraine and nearby countries.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pirozhki:m1:1
# text = Pirozhki are small baked or fried buns filled with things like potato, cabbage, meat, mushrooms, cheese or fruit, eaten in Russia, Ukraine and nearby countries.
1	Pirozhki	pirozhki	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
4	baked	bake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	fried	fry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
7	buns	bun	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
8	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	potato	potato	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	cabbage	cabbage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	mushrooms	mushroom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Russia	Russia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	nearby	nearby	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bake** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **fry** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **is a** | present | Pirozhki | small baked buns |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **fill** | participle |  | small baked buns *not said here* |  |  |  | with things like potato and cabbage and meat and mushrooms and cheese or fruit | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with thing=Instrument |
| 5 | **eat** | participle |  | small baked buns *not said here* |  | Russia and Ukraine and nearby countries |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a borrowed word (from Russian), not an English word; in Ukrainian they are called pyrizhky.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pirozhki:m2:1
# text = It is a borrowed word (from Russian), not an English word; in Ukrainian they are called pyrizhky.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	borrowed	borrow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Russian	Russian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Ukrainian	Ukrainian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	parataxis	_	_
21	pyrizhky	pyrizhky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **borrow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | It | a borrowed word and a English word in Ukrainian |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **call** | present · passive |  | word |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gran made pirozhki filled with potato and onion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pirozhki:x1:1
# text = Gran made pirozhki filled with potato and onion.
1	Gran	Gran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	pirozhki	pirozhki	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	potato	potato	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	onion	onion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Gran | pirozhki |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pirozhki=Product |
| 2 | **fill** | participle |  | pirozhki *not said here* |  |  |  | with potato and onion | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with potato=Instrument |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We bought hot pirozhki at the market stall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pirozhki:x2:1
# text = We bought hot pirozhki at the market stall.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	pirozhki	pirozhki	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	market	market	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	stall	stall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | We | hot pirozhki |  | the market stall |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent pirozhki=Theme at stall=Asset |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some pirozhki are sweet, with apple or cherry inside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pirozhki:x3:1
# text = Some pirozhki are sweet, with apple or cherry inside.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	pirozhki	pirozhki	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	apple	apple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	cherry	cherry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | some pirozhki |  |  |  |  | sweet *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend's mum brought pirozhki to the class food fair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pirozhki:x4:1
# text = My friend's mum brought pirozhki to the class food fair.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	pirozhki	pirozhki	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	fair	fair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | My friend's mum | pirozhki |  | the food fair |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent pirozhki=Theme to fair=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pirozhki can be baked in the oven or fried in a pan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pirozhki:x5:1
# text = Pirozhki can be baked in the oven or fried in a pan.
1	Pirozhki	pirozhki	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	baked	bake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	oven	oven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	fried	fry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	pan	pan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bake** | can · passive |  | Pirozhki |  |  |  | in the oven | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient in oven=Instrument |
| 2 | **fry** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | in a pan | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Patient in pan=Instrument |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Ukrainian they are called pyrizhky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pirozhki:x6:1
# text = In Ukrainian they are called pyrizhky.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Ukrainian	Ukrainian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	pyrizhky	pyrizhky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | they |  | Ukrainian |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One little bun is a pirozhok; lots are pirozhki.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pirozhki:x7:1
# text = One little bun is a pirozhok; lots are pirozhki.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bun	bun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pirozhok	pirozhok	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	pirozhki	pirozhki	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | One little bun | a pirozhok and pirozhki |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | lots | pirozhki |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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