---
title: placard — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «placard» in the school dictionary: A large card or board with a message written on it, carried at a protest or march, or put up in public. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# placard

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** protesters, Suffragettes, placards, We, Police, people · **What happens:** write, carry, put up, say, save, hold · **To what, where:** message, protest, large card, public, placards, park · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«placard» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [placard in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/placard.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A large card or board with a message written on it, carried at a protest or march, or put up in public.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:placard:m1:1
# text = A large card or board with a message written on it, carried at a protest or march, or put up in public.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	board	board	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
9	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	advcl	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	protest	protest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	march	march	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
22	up	up	ADP	RP	_	21	compound:prt	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | participle |  | a message *not said here* |  | message |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on it=Destination |
| 2 | **carry** | participle |  |  |  | a protest or march |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **put up** | participle · passive |  | a large card with a message or board |  | public |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in public=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The protesters carried placards saying "Save our park".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:placard:x1:1
# text = The protesters carried placards saying "Save our park".
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	protesters	protester	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	placards	placard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | the protesters | placards |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent placard=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the protesters *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **save** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | our park |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent park=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Suffragettes held placards asking for votes for women.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:placard:x2:1
# text = Suffragettes held placards asking for votes for women.
1	Suffragettes	suffragette	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	placards	placard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	asking	ask	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	votes	vote	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past | Suffragettes | placards |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent placard=Theme |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund | placards *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for votes for women | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made placards for the class march about litter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:placard:x3:1
# text = We made placards for the class march about litter.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	placards	placard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	march	march	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	litter	litter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | placards |  |  |  | for the class march about litter | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent placard=Product for march=Asset |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The placard was written in big red letters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:placard:x4:1
# text = The placard was written in big red letters.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	placard	placard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past · passive |  | the placard |  | big red letters |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in letter=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fans held up placards for their favourite player.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:placard:x5:1
# text = Fans held up placards for their favourite player.
1	Fans	fan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	placards	placard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold up** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Police asked them to lower their placards.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:placard:x6:1
# text = Police asked them to lower their placards.
1	Police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	lower	lower	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	placards	placard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | Police |  | them *= they* |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP whether S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **lower** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Police *not said here* | Police's placards |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent placard=Theme |
| 3 | **placard** |  | Police |  |  |  |  |  | nom placard «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sunlight shone on only one of the walls, and that one was stuck over with bills and placards, before which the people stood still; and this made a crowd.

<!-- fold The tree, 30 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:placard:x7:1
# text = The sunlight shone on only one of the walls, and that one was stuck over with bills and placards, before which the people stood still; and this made a crowd.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
3	shone	shine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
13	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	stuck	stick	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
16	over	over	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	bills	bill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	placards	placard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	before	before	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	obl	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
26	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
27	still	still	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	31	nsubj	_	_
31	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	31	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shine** | participle |  | the sunlight *not said here* |  |  |  | on one of the walls | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on one=Location |
| 2 | **stick over** | past · passive |  | that one |  |  |  | with bills and placards; over *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: subject=Destination with bill=Theme |
| 3 | **stand** | past | the people |  |  |  | still |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before which=Location |
| 4 | **make** | past | the sunlight | a crowd |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset crowd=Product |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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