---
title: plagiarism — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «plagiarism» in the school dictionary: Plagiarism is copying someone else's words, ideas or work and pretending they are your own. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# plagiarism

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**Who acts:** Plagiarism, words, someone, Copying, you, your · **What happens:** copy, pretend, be, word, use, avoid · **To what, where:** words, website word, plagiarism, own words, kind, quotation marks · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«plagiarism» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [plagiarism in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/plagiarism.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plagiarism is copying someone else's words, ideas or work and pretending they are your own.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plagiarism:m1:1
# text = Plagiarism is copying someone else's words, ideas or work and pretending they are your own.
1	Plagiarism	plagiarism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	copying	copy	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nmod:poss	_	_
5	else	else	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
7	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	pretending	pretend	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copy** | present · progressive | Plagiarism | someone's words and ideas or work |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme |
| 2 | **pretend** | gerund | Plagiarism *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | present | words *= word* |  |  |  |  | own *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **word** |  | someone |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Copying a website word for word is plagiarism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plagiarism:x1:1
# text = Copying a website word for word is plagiarism.
1	Copying	copy	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	website	website	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	plagiarism	plagiarism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copy** | gerund |  | a website word |  |  |  | for word | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Copying | plagiarism |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use your own words to avoid plagiarism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plagiarism:x2:1
# text = Use your own words to avoid plagiarism.
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	avoid	avoid	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	plagiarism	plagiarism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | your own words |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient |
| 2 | **avoid** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | plagiarism |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent plagiarism=Location |
| 3 | **word** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher spotted the plagiarism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plagiarism:x3:1
# text = The teacher spotted the plagiarism.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spotted	spot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	plagiarism	plagiarism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spot** | past | the teacher | the plagiarism |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent plagiarism=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Always say where your facts came from.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plagiarism:x4:1
# text = Always say where your facts came from.
1	Always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	2	advmod	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	6	advmod	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | always *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **come** | past | your facts |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plagiarism is a kind of cheating.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plagiarism:x5:1
# text = Plagiarism is a kind of cheating.
1	Plagiarism	plagiarism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	cheating	cheating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Plagiarism | a kind |  |  |  | of cheating | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Putting quotation marks around copied words and naming the writer is not plagiarism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plagiarism:x6:1
# text = Putting quotation marks around copied words and naming the writer is not plagiarism.
1	Putting	put	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	csubj	_	_
2	quotation	quotation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	marks	mark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	around	around	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	copied	copy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	naming	name	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	writer	writer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	plagiarism	plagiarism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | gerund |  | quotation marks |  | copied words |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent mark=Theme around word=Destination |
| 2 | **copy** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **name** | gerund |  | the writer |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent writer=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **is a** | present | Putting | plagiarism |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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