---
title: plane — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «plane» in the school dictionary: A plane is an aeroplane or airplane, a machine with wings that flies. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# plane

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** plane, wings, flat surface, tool, plane tree, We · **What happens:** be, fly, go on, make, plant, take off · **To what, where:** aeroplane, flat surface, maths, directions, tool, wood · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«plane» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [plane in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/plane.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A plane is an aeroplane or airplane, a machine with wings that flies.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plane:m1:1
# text = A plane is an aeroplane or airplane, a machine with wings that flies.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	aeroplane	aeroplane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	airplane	airplane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	flies	fly	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a plane | a aeroplane or airplane and a machine with wings |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fly** | present | wings |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In maths, a plane is a flat surface that goes on forever in all directions.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plane:m2:1
# text = In maths, a plane is a flat surface that goes on forever in all directions.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	forever	forever	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	16	det	_	_
16	directions	direction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a plane | a flat surface |  | maths |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go on** | present | a flat surface |  |  | all directions |  | forever *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in direction=Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A plane is a tool for making wood smooth and flat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plane:m3:1
# text = A plane is a tool for making wood smooth and flat.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a plane | a tool |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | gerund | a tool *not said here* | wood |  |  |  | smooth *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wood=Product |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A plane tree is a big tree often planted in city streets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plane:m4:1
# text = A plane tree is a big tree often planted in city streets.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	often	often	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	planted	plant	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	streets	street	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a plane tree | a big tree |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **plant** | participle |  | a big tree *not said here* |  | city streets |  | often *property* | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in street=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We flew to Spain by plane.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plane:x1:1
# text = We flew to Spain by plane.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | We |  | Spain |  |  | by plane | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent by plane=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plane took off on time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plane:x2:1
# text = The plane took off on time.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take off** | past | the plane |  |  |  | time |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A square is a plane shape.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plane:x3:1
# text = A square is a plane shape.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	square	square	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a square | a plane shape |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Look at all the planes at the airport.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plane:x4:1
# text = Look at all the planes at the airport.
1	Look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	5	det:predet	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	planes	plane	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	airport	airport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the airport; at all planes | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at plane=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fasten your seat belt on the plane.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plane:x5:1
# text = Fasten your seat belt on the plane.
1	Fasten	fasten	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	belt	belt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fasten** | imperative | you *not said here* | your seat belt |  |  |  | on the plane | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent belt=Patient on plane=Co-Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The carpenter used a plane to smooth the door.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plane:x6:1
# text = The carpenter used a plane to smooth the door.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	carpenter	carpenter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	smooth	smooth	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | the carpenter | a plane |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plane=Patient |
| 2 | **smooth** | to-infinitive | the carpenter *not said here* | the door |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent door=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A plane flew high above the clouds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plane:x7:1
# text = A plane flew high above the clouds.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	high	high	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
5	above	above	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	clouds	cloud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | a plane |  |  | the clouds |  | high *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme above cloud=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plane trees line the streets of London.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plane:x8:1
# text = Plane trees line the streets of London.
1	Plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	line	line	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	streets	street	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **line** | present | Plane trees | the streets of London |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme street=Destination |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Ungrateful creatures!" said a voice from the Plane Tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plane:x9:1
# text = "Ungrateful creatures!" said a voice from the Plane Tree.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Ungrateful	ungrateful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	creatures	creature	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Plane	Plane	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	Tree	Tree	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Ungrateful creatures | a voice |  | the Plane Tree |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent voice=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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