---
title: plant — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «plant» in the school dictionary: A plant is a living thing that grows in soil, like a flower, grass or a tree. Most plants are green and make their own food from sunlight. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# plant

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** plant, living thing, Most plants, seeds, she, He · **What happens:** be, grow, make, mean, put, plant · **To what, where:** living thing, soil, own food, sunlight, ground, factory

<!-- .vabout -->
«plant» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [plant in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/plant.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A plant is a living thing that grows in soil, like a flower, grass or a tree. Most plants are green and make their own food from sunlight.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A plant is a living thing that grows in soil, like a flower, grass or a tree.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plant:m1:1
# text = A plant is a living thing that grows in soil, like a flower, grass or a tree.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a plant | a living thing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | present | a living thing |  |  | soil |  | like a flower | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in soil=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Most plants are green and make their own food from sunlight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plant:m1:2
# text = Most plants are green and make their own food from sunlight.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Most plants |  |  |  |  | green *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | Most plants *not said here* | grass's own food |  | sunlight |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset food=Product from sunlight=Material |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To plant is to put seeds or plants in the ground so they grow.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plant:m2:1
# text = To plant is to put seeds or plants in the ground so they grow.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
12	so	so	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  | the ground |  | put *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | present | seeds *= seed* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A plant is also a factory or big machine: a power plant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plant:m3:1
# text = A plant is also a factory or big machine: a power plant.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	factory	factory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	machine	machine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a plant | a factory or big machine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To plant can mean to put something firmly in place: she planted her feet.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plant:m4:1
# text = To plant can mean to put something firmly in place: she planted her feet.
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	firmly	firmly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	planted	plant	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
14	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  | to plant | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **put** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | something |  | place |  | firmly *property* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent something=Theme in place=Destination |
| 3 | **plant** | past | she | her feet |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foot=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She plants 5 rows of 6 flowers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plant:x1:1
# text = She plants 5 rows of 6 flowers.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	rows	row	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plant grows 2 cm each week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plant:x2:1
# text = The plant grows 2 cm each week.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	cm	cm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | the plant | 2 cm |  |  | week |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location cm=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He has 12 plants.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plant:x3:1
# text = He has 12 plants.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | He | 12 plants |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many plants are in the garden?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plant:x4:1
# text = How many plants are in the garden?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | many plants |  |  | the garden |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plants need water and sunlight to grow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plant:x5:1
# text = Plants need water and sunlight to grow.
1	Plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Plants | water and sunlight |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot water=Theme |
| 2 | **grow** | to-infinitive | Plants *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The roots hold the plant in the soil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plant:x6:1
# text = The roots hold the plant in the soil.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	roots	root	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hold	hold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | the roots | the plant |  | the soil |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent plant=Theme in soil=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We planted bean seeds in paper cups.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plant:x7:1
# text = We planted bean seeds in paper cups.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	planted	plant	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bean	bean	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	cups	cup	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plant** | past | We | bean seeds |  | paper cups |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent seed=Theme in cup=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The power plant makes electricity for the town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plant:x8:1
# text = The power plant makes electricity for the town.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | the power plant | electricity |  |  |  | for the town | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent electricity=Product for town=Asset |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some plants, like poison ivy, can hurt your skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plant:x9:1
# text = Some plants, like poison ivy, can hurt your skin.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	poison	poison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	ivy	ivy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** | can | some plants and poison ivy | your skin |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer skin=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dwarf stood gazing at the plant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plant:x10:1
# text = The dwarf stood gazing at the plant.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dwarf	dwarf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	gazing	gaze	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past | the dwarf |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **gaze** | gerund | the dwarf *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the plant | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at plant=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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