---
title: plantation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «plantation» in the school dictionary: A plantation is a large farm, usually in a hot country, where one crop such as cotton, sugar, tea, coffee or rubber is grown. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# plantation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** plantation, many plantations, enslaved African people, Enslaved people, pine plantation, Cutting · **What happens:** be, grow, plant, use, enslave, force · **To what, where:** large farm, one crop, area, many trees, rows, enslaved African people

<!-- .vabout -->
«plantation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [plantation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/plantation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A plantation is a large farm, usually in a hot country, where one crop such as cotton, sugar, tea, coffee or rubber is grown.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plantation:m1:1
# text = A plantation is a large farm, usually in a hot country, where one crop such as cotton, sugar, tea, coffee or rubber is grown.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plantation	plantation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
14	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	29	advmod	_	_
15	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	crop	crop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	19	case	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
19	cotton	cotton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	coffee	coffee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	rubber	rubber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	_
28	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux:pass	_	_
29	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a plantation | a large farm and a hot country |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | present · passive |  | one crop such cotton and sugar and tea and coffee or rubber |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A plantation is also an area where many trees have been planted in rows, for example for wood.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plantation:m2:1
# text = A plantation is also an area where many trees have been planted in rows, for example for wood.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plantation	plantation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	12	advmod	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	planted	plant	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl:relcl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	rows	row	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a plantation | a area |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **plant** | present · perfect · passive |  | many trees |  | rows |  | for example; for wood | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in row=Destination |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the past, many plantations in the Americas used enslaved African people who were forced to work without pay.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plantation:m3:1
# text = In the past, many plantations in the Americas used enslaved African people who were forced to work without pay.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	plantations	plantation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Americas	AMERICAS	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	enslaved	enslave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
12	African	African	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	forced	force	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl:relcl	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	without	without	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	pay	pay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | many plantations in the Americas | enslaved African people |  | the past |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient |
| 2 | **enslave** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **force** | past · passive |  | enslaved African people |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **work** | to-infinitive | enslaved African people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | without pay | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tea is grown on huge plantations on green hillsides.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plantation:x1:1
# text = Tea is grown on huge plantations on green hillsides.
1	Tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	plantations	plantation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	hillsides	hillside	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present · passive |  | Tea |  | huge plantations on green hillsides |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Enslaved people were forced to pick cotton on plantations.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plantation:x2:1
# text = Enslaved people were forced to pick cotton on plantations.
1	Enslaved	enslave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	forced	force	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	pick	pick	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	cotton	cotton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	plantations	plantation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enslave** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **force** | past · passive |  | Enslaved people |  |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **pick** | to-infinitive | Enslaved people *not said here* | cotton |  | plantations |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cotton=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The pine plantation had trees in straight rows.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plantation:x3:1
# text = The pine plantation had trees in straight rows.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	pine	pine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	plantation	plantation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	straight	straight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	rows	row	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the pine plantation | trees |  | straight rows |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cutting forests for palm oil plantations harms orangutans.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plantation:x4:1
# text = Cutting forests for palm oil plantations harms orangutans.
1	Cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	palm	palm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	plantations	plantation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
7	harms	harm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	orangutans	orangutan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | gerund |  | forests |  |  |  | for oil plantations | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent forest=Product for plantation=Asset |
| 2 | **harm** | present | Cutting | orangutans |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus orangutan=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We read a story about a girl who escaped from a plantation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plantation:x5:1
# text = We read a story about a girl who escaped from a plantation.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	escaped	escape	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	plantation	plantation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | We | a story |  |  |  | about a girl | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Topic |
| 2 | **escape** | past | a girl |  |  | a plantation |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from plantation=Initial\_Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Workers on the coffee plantation pick the beans by hand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plantation:x6:1
# text = Workers on the coffee plantation pick the beans by hand.
1	Workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	coffee	coffee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	plantation	plantation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	pick	pick	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	beans	bean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pick** | present | Workers on the coffee plantation | the beans |  |  |  | by hand | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bean=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When she was gone, no one attended to her plantations, and the garden ran to waste.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plantation:x7:1
# text = When she was gone, no one attended to her plantations, and the garden ran to waste.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	gone	gone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
8	attended	attend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	plantations	plantation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
16	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	waste	waste	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | she |  |  |  |  | gone *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **attend** | participle |  | no one *not said here* |  |  |  | to her plantations | vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent to plantation=Theme |
| 3 | **run** | past | the garden |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **waste** | to-infinitive | the garden *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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