---
title: pledge — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pledge» in the school dictionary: To pledge is to promise firmly, giving your word or faith. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pledge

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** your, pledge, you, Iollan, We, they · **What happens:** pledge, be, give, word, leave, keep · **To what, where:** word, solemn promise, item, pledge, it, secret · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«pledge» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pledge in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pledge.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To pledge is to promise firmly, giving your word or faith.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pledge:m1:1
# text = To pledge is to promise firmly, giving your word or faith.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	pledge	pledge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	promise	promise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	firmly	firmly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	faith	faith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pledge** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **be** *speech: promise* | present |  |  |  |  |  | firmly, promise *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **give** | gerund |  | your word or faith |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme |
| 4 | **word** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pledge is a solemn promise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pledge:m2:1
# text = A pledge is a solemn promise.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pledge	pledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	solemn	solemn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pledge | a solemn promise |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pledge is an item left as a security for a debt, or as a sign that you will keep your word.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pledge:m3:1
# text = A pledge is an item left as a security for a debt, or as a sign that you will keep your word.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pledge	pledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	item	item	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	security	security	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	debt	debt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
18	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	acl	_	_
22	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pledge | a item or a sign |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **leave** | participle |  | a item or a sign *not said here* |  |  |  | as a security; for a debt | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent for debt=Recipient |
| 3 | **keep** | future | you | your word |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme |
| 4 | **word** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I give that pledge," said Iollan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pledge:x1:1
# text = "I give that pledge," said Iollan.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	give	give	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
4	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	pledge	pledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	Iollan	Iollan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** *in a quote* | present | Iollan | that pledge |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pledge=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Iollan |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"We pledge it," said they.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pledge:x2:1
# text = "We pledge it," said they.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pledge	pledge	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	ccomp	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pledge** *in a quote* | present | We | it |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"I pass it and pledge it," cried the joyful king.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pledge:x3:1
# text = "I pass it and pledge it," cried the joyful king.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pass	pass	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	pledge	pledge	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
10	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	joyful	joyful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pass** *in a quote* | present | the joyful king *= king* | it |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Trajectory |
| 2 | **pledge** *in a quote* | infinitive | the joyful king *= king* *not said here* | it |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 3 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | the joyful king |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children made a pledge to keep the secret.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pledge:x4:1
# text = The children made a pledge to keep the secret.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pledge	pledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	secret	secret	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the children | a pledge |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pledge=Product |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive | the children *not said here* | the secret |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent secret=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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