---
title: plough — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «plough» in the school dictionary: A big farm tool, pulled by a tractor or animals, that turns over and breaks up the soil to get it ready for planting. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# plough

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** big farm tool, car, farmer, horses, snowplough, I · **What happens:** pull, turn over, break up, get, plant, move · **To what, where:** big farm tool, soil, fence, field, wheat, plough

<!-- .vabout -->
«plough» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [plough in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/plough.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A big farm tool, pulled by a tractor or animals, that turns over and breaks up the soil to get it ready for planting.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plough:m1:1
# text = A big farm tool, pulled by a tractor or animals, that turns over and breaks up the soil to get it ready for planting.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	pulled	pull	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	tractor	tractor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	over	over	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	breaks	break	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
18	up	up	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	_
24	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	xcomp	_	_
25	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
26	planting	plant	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull** | participle |  | a big farm tool *not said here* |  |  |  | by a tractor or animals | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **turn over** | present | a big farm tool |  |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **break up** | present | a big farm tool *not said here* | the soil |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soil=Patient |
| 4 | **get** | to-infinitive | a big farm tool *not said here* | soil |  |  |  | ready *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 5 | **plant** | gerund | a big farm tool *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To turn over soil with a plough.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plough:m2:1
# text = To turn over soil with a plough.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	plough	plough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn over** | to-infinitive |  | soil |  |  |  | with a plough | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent soil=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To move or go forward with force: «the car ploughed into the fence».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plough:m3:1
# text = To move or go forward with force: «the car ploughed into the fence».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	move	move	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	ploughed	plough	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with force; forward *property* | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with force=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **plough** *in a quote* | past | the car |  |  | the fence |  |  | vn wipe\_instr-10.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To keep going with something hard or boring: «plough through homework».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plough:m4:1
# text = To keep going with something hard or boring: «plough through homework».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	_
6	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	boring	boring	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	plough	plough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
12	through	through	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | with something | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with something=Beneficiary |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Plough: a group of seven bright stars (UK name for the Big Dipper).

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plough:m5:1
# text = The Plough: a group of seven bright stars (UK name for the Big Dipper).
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Plough	Plough	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
8	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	Big	Big	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	Dipper	Dipper	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer ploughed the field before planting wheat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plough:x1:1
# text = The farmer ploughed the field before planting wheat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ploughed	plough	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	planting	plant	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	wheat	wheat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plough** | past | the farmer | the field |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_instr-10.4.2 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent field=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **plant** | gerund | the farmer *not said here* | wheat |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wheat=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Long ago, horses pulled the plough.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plough:x2:1
# text = Long ago, horses pulled the plough.
1	Long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
2	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	pulled	pull	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	plough	plough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull** | past | horses | the plough |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plough=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A snowplough cleared the road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plough:x3:1
# text = A snowplough cleared the road.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	snowplough	snowplough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cleared	clear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clear** | past | a snowplough | the road |  |  |  |  | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent road=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I ploughed through my maths homework.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plough:x4:1
# text = I ploughed through my maths homework.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ploughed	plough	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	compound	_	_
6	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plough** | past | I |  |  | my maths homework |  |  | vn wipe\_instr-10.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car skidded and ploughed into a hedge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plough:x5:1
# text = The car skidded and ploughed into a hedge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	skidded	skid	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	ploughed	plough	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hedge	hedge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **skid** | participle |  | the car *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **plough** | participle |  |  |  | a hedge |  |  | vn wipe\_instr-10.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We found the Plough in the night sky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plough:x6:1
# text = We found the Plough in the night sky.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Plough	Plough	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | We | the Plough |  | the night sky |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plough=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Three brothers are ploughing over there.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plough:x7:1
# text = Three brothers are ploughing over there.
1	Three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	ploughing	plough	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	over	over	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plough over** | present · progressive | Three brothers |  |  | there |  |  | vn wipe\_instr-10.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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