---
title: ploughshare — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ploughshare» in the school dictionary: The sharp metal blade of a plough that cuts into the soil. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ploughshare

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** plough, They, picture, farmer, statue, man · **What happens:** cut, beat, be, make, sharpen, show · **To what, where:** swords, ploughshares, picture, weapons, farm tools, ploughshare

<!-- .vabout -->
«ploughshare» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ploughshare in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ploughshare.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sharp metal blade of a plough that cuts into the soil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ploughshare:m1:1
# text = The sharp metal blade of a plough that cuts into the soil.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	blade	blade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	plough	plough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	cuts	cut	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | present | a plough |  |  |  |  | into the soil | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent into soil=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«They shall beat their swords into ploughshares» (Isaiah and Micah) is a picture of peace: weapons are made into farm tools.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ploughshare:m2:1
# text = «They shall beat their swords into ploughshares» (Isaiah and Micah) is a picture of peace: weapons are made into farm tools.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	beat	beat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	nsubj	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	swords	sword	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ploughshares	ploughshare	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
10	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Isaiah	Isaiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	Micah	Micah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	peace	peace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
21	weapons	weapon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
24	into	into	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	compound	_	_
26	tools	tool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** *in a quote* | shall | They | their swords |  | ploughshares |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent sword=Patient into ploughshare=Recipient |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | a picture |  |  |  | of peace | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** | present · passive | a picture *not said here* | weapons |  | farm tools |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: subject=Material into tool=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«They shall beat their swords into ploughshares.»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ploughshare:x1:1
# text = «They shall beat their swords into ploughshares.»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	beat	beat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	swords	sword	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ploughshares	ploughshare	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** *in a quote* | shall | They | their swords |  | ploughshares |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent sword=Patient into ploughshare=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer sharpened the ploughshare before spring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ploughshare:x2:1
# text = The farmer sharpened the ploughshare before spring.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sharpened	sharpen	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ploughshare	ploughshare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	before	before	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sharpen** | past | the farmer | the ploughshare |  |  | spring |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent ploughshare=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A statue outside the United Nations shows a man beating a sword into a ploughshare.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ploughshare:x3:1
# text = A statue outside the United Nations shows a man beating a sword into a ploughshare.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	statue	statue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	United	United	PROPN	NNP	_	6	compound	_	_
6	Nations	Nation	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
7	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	beating	beat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	ploughshare	ploughshare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | a statue outside the United Nations |  | a man |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent man=Recipient |
| 2 | **beat** | gerund | a man *not said here* | a sword |  | a ploughshare |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent sword=Patient into ploughshare=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ploughshare cut deep into the soil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ploughshare:x4:1
# text = The ploughshare cut deep into the soil.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ploughshare	ploughshare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	deep	deep	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | participle |  | the ploughshare *not said here* |  |  |  | into the soil; deep *property* | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent into soil=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The prophets dreamed of a time when weapons become ploughshares.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ploughshare:x5:1
# text = The prophets dreamed of a time when weapons become ploughshares.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dreamed	dream	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	weapons	weapon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	become	become	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	ploughshares	ploughshare	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dream** | past | the prophets |  |  |  | time |  | vn cognize-85 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **become** | present | weapons | ploughshares |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old ploughshares were made of iron.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ploughshare:x6:1
# text = Old ploughshares were made of iron.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	ploughshares	ploughshare	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past · passive |  | Old ploughshares |  |  |  | of iron | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They never knew when they were safe from him, as he could change himself into a man, woman or child, a stick, a goat, a ploughshare.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ploughshare:x7:1
# text = They never knew when they were safe from him, as he could change himself into a man, woman or child, a stick, a goat, a ploughshare.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
15	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	14	obj	_	_
16	into	into	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	goat	goat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	ploughshare	ploughshare	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **know** | past | They |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | past | they |  |  |  |  | from him *= he*; safe *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **change** | could | he | himself *= he* |  |  |  | into a man and woman or child and a stick and a goat and a ploughshare *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent himself=Patient into man=Result |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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