---
title: plow — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «plow» in the school dictionary: A plow is a farm tool pulled by animals to turn over the soil; it is the American spelling of «plough». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# plow

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** plow, Cincinnatus, you, farmer · **What happens:** be, pull, turn over, plow, leave, stand · **To what, where:** farm tool, soil, American spelling, plow, bulls, field

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«plow» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [plow in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/plow.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A plow is a farm tool pulled by animals to turn over the soil; it is the American spelling of «plough».

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plow:m1:1
# text = A plow is a farm tool pulled by animals to turn over the soil; it is the American spelling of «plough».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plow	plow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	pulled	pull	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl:agent	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
12	over	over	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	plough	plough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a plow | a farm tool |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pull** | participle |  | a farm tool *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **turn over** | to-infinitive |  | the soil |  |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent soil=Theme |
| 4 | **is a** | present | plow | the American spelling |  |  |  | of plough | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To plow is to turn over soil with a plow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plow:m2:1
# text = To plow is to turn over soil with a plow.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	plow	plow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
7	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	plow	plow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plow** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_instr-10.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | with a plow; turn *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cincinnatus left his plow standing where it was.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plow:x1:1
# text = Cincinnatus left his plow standing where it was.
1	Cincinnatus	cincinnatus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	plow	plow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	8	advmod	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | Cincinnatus | Cincinnatus's plow |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plow=Theme |
| 2 | **stand** | gerund | Cincinnatus's plow *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **be** | past | plow |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep the bulls and the plow buffaloes by themselves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plow:x2:1
# text = Keep the bulls and the plow buffaloes by themselves.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	bulls	bull	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	plow	plow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	buffaloes	buffalo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | the bulls and the plow buffaloes |  |  |  | by buffaloes *= buffalo* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent bull=Theme by themselves=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farmer plows the field before the rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plow:x3:1
# text = The farmer plows the field before the rain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farmer	farmer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	plows	plow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plow** | present | the farmer | the field |  |  | before the rain |  | vn wipe\_instr-10.4.2-1 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent field=Initial\_Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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