---
title: plum — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «plum» in the school dictionary: A plum is a small round soft fruit with a smooth purple, red or yellow skin and a stone inside. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# plum

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** plum, plum job, plum tree, tree, I, 15 plums · **What happens:** be, grow, add, eat, have, make · **To what, where:** small round soft fruit, dark purple colour, good one, tree, plums, one plum · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«plum» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [plum in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/plum.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A plum is a small round soft fruit with a smooth purple, red or yellow skin and a stone inside.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plum:m1:1
# text = A plum is a small round soft fruit with a smooth purple, red or yellow skin and a stone inside.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plum	plum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
11	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
12	purple	purple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
17	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	_
21	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a plum | a small round soft fruit |  |  |  | with a smooth purple skin and a stone | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plum is a dark red-purple colour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plum:m2:1
# text = Plum is a dark red-purple colour.
1	Plum	plum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
4	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
5	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	purple	purple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Plum | a dark purple colour |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A plum job is a very good one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plum:m3:1
# text = A plum job is a very good one.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	plum	plum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a plum job | a good one |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A plum tree is a tree that grows plums.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plum:m4:1
# text = A plum tree is a tree that grows plums.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	plum	plum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	plums	plum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a plum tree | a tree |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | present | a tree | plums |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location plum=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I add one plum on the table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plum:x1:1
# text = I add one plum on the table.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	add	add	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	plum	plum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | present | I | one plum |  | the table |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plum=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I eat three plums from the table.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plum:x2:1
# text = I eat three plums from the table.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	eat	eat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	plums	plum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | I | three plums |  | the table |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plum=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are 15 plums in a bowl.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plum:x3:1
# text = There are 15 plums in a bowl.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	plums	plum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bowl	bowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | 15 plums |  |  | a bowl; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in bowl=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This plum is sweet and juicy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plum:x4:1
# text = This plum is sweet and juicy.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	plum	plum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	juicy	juicy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this plum |  |  |  |  | sweet *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | this plum *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be careful: a plum has a hard stone inside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plum:x5:1
# text = Be careful: a plum has a hard stone inside.
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	cop	_	_
2	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	plum	plum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | careful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | present | a plum | a hard stone |  |  |  | inside *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma makes plum jam in summer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plum:x6:1
# text = Grandma makes plum jam in summer.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	plum	plum	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	jam	jam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Grandma | plum jam |  |  | summer |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jam=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A dried plum is called a prune.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plum:x7:1
# text = A dried plum is called a prune.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	dried	dry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	plum	plum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	prune	prune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dry** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **call** | present · passive |  | a dried plum |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She wore a plum-coloured scarf.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plum:x8:1
# text = She wore a plum-coloured scarf.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	plum	plum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	coloured	coloured	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	scarf	scarf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | She | a coloured scarf |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent scarf=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hit's a blessin' de w'ite sow don't shake de plum-tree.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plum:x9:1
# text = Hit's a blessin' de w'ite sow don't shake de plum-tree.
1	Hit	Hit	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	blessin	blessin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	de	de	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	11	nsubj	_	_
7	w'ite	w'ite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	sow	sow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	_
9	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	shake	shake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
12	de	de	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
13	plum	plum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Hit | a blessin |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **shake** | present · do-support | de | de's plum tree |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent tree=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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