---
title: plumage — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «plumage» in the school dictionary: Plumage is all the feathers of a bird, their colours and patterns. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# plumage

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**Who acts:** Plumage, peacock, male mallard, Young gulls, Birds, He · **What happens:** be, show off, have, turn, clean, sit · **To what, where:** feathers, colourful plumage, bright green plumage, head, brown plumage, plumage

<!-- .vabout -->
«plumage» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [plumage in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/plumage.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plumage is all the feathers of a bird, their colours and patterns.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plumage:m1:1
# text = Plumage is all the feathers of a bird, their colours and patterns.
1	Plumage	plumage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	5	det:predet	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	patterns	pattern	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Plumage | all feathers and feathers's colours and patterns |  |  |  | of a bird | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The peacock showed off its colourful plumage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plumage:x1:1
# text = The peacock showed off its colourful plumage.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	peacock	peacock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	colourful	colourful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	plumage	plumage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show off** | past | the peacock | peacock's colourful plumage |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent plumage=Recipient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The male mallard has bright green plumage on its head.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plumage:x2:1
# text = The male mallard has bright green plumage on its head.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	mallard	mallard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	plumage	plumage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the male mallard | bright green plumage |  | mallard's head |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plumage=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In winter the ptarmigan's plumage turns white.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plumage:x3:1
# text = In winter the ptarmigan's plumage turns white.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ptarmigan	ptarmigan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	plumage	plumage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | the ptarmigan's plumage |  |  |  | winter | white *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The parrot's plumage was red, blue and yellow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plumage:x4:1
# text = The parrot's plumage was red, blue and yellow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	parrot	parrot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	plumage	plumage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the parrot's plumage |  |  |  |  | red *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the parrot's plumage *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | the parrot's plumage *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Young gulls have brown plumage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plumage:x5:1
# text = Young gulls have brown plumage.
1	Young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	gulls	gull	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	plumage	plumage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Young gulls | brown plumage |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plumage=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Birds clean their plumage with their beaks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plumage:x6:1
# text = Birds clean their plumage with their beaks.
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	clean	clean	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	plumage	plumage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	beaks	beak	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clean** | present | Birds | Birds's plumage |  |  |  | with Birds's beaks | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent plumage=Patient with beak=Instrument |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He sat quiet and unconscious of his gay plumage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:plumage:x7:1
# text = He sat quiet and unconscious of his gay plumage.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	unconscious	unconscious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	gay	gay	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	plumage	plumage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | He |  |  |  |  | quiet *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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