---
title: pm — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pm» in the school dictionary: «pm» (from Latin post meridiem, "after midday") means the hours after 12 noon and before midnight: 3 pm is in the afternoon. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pm

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pm, hours, School, film, 11, 4 pm · **What happens:** mean, be, stand, finish, start, visit · **To what, where:** private message, 3, 7:30, 3 hours, 16:00, town · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«pm» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pm in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pm.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«pm» (from Latin post meridiem, "after midday") means the hours after 12 noon and before midnight: 3 pm is in the afternoon.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pm:m1:1
# text = «pm» (from Latin post meridiem, "after midday") means the hours after 12 noon and before midnight: 3 pm is in the afternoon.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	pm	p.m.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	Latin	Latin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	post	post	ADV	AFX	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	meridiem	meridiem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	after	after	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	midday	midday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	8	punct	_	_
15	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nsubj	_	_
18	after	after	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	noon	noon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	before	before	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	midnight	midnight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
25	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	23	appos	_	_
26	pm	p.m.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod:unmarked	_	_
27	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | pm |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | the hours after 12 noon and midnight |  |  |  |  | in the afternoon | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«PM» (UK, Australia, Canada, etc.) stands for Prime Minister, the leader of the government.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pm:m2:1
# text = «PM» (UK, Australia, Canada, etc.) stands for Prime Minister, the leader of the government.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	PM	p.m.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	etc.	etc.	NOUN	FW	Abbr=Yes|Number=Plur	9	flat:foreign	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
13	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	Prime	Prime	PROPN	NNP	_	16	compound	_	_
16	Minister	Minister	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	leader	leader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | PM |  |  |  |  | for Prime Minister | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for minister=Attribute |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, online — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«PM» means a private message.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pm:m3:1
# text = «PM» means a private message.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	PM	p.m.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	private	private	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	message	message	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | PM | a private message |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"PM me".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pm:m3e:1
# text = "PM me".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	PM	p.m.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
School finishes at 3 pm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pm:x1:1
# text = School finishes at 3 pm.
1	School	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	finishes	finish	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	_
5	pm	p.m.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **finish** | present | School |  |  | 3  pm |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film starts at 7:30 pm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pm:x2:1
# text = The film starts at 7:30 pm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	starts	start	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	7:30	7:30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
6	pm	p.m.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present | the film |  |  | 7:30  pm |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
From 11 am to 2 pm is 3 hours.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pm:x3:1
# text = From 11 am to 2 pm is 3 hours.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	11	11	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nsubj	_	_
3	am	a.m.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod:unmarked	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nmod	_	_
6	pm	p.m.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:unmarked	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | 11  am to 2  pm | 3 hours |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
4 pm on the 24-hour clock is 16:00.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pm:x4:1
# text = 4 pm on the 24-hour clock is 16:00.
1	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	pm	p.m.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	24	24	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	16:00	16:00	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | 4 pm on the hour clock | 16:00 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The PM visited our town today.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pm:x5:1
# text = The PM visited our town today.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	PM	p.m.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	visited	visit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **visit** | past | the PM | our town |  |  | today |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent town=Co-Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lunch is at 12 pm, which means noon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pm:x6:1
# text = Lunch is at 12 pm, which means noon.
1	Lunch	lunch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	pm	p.m.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
9	noon	noon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Lunch |  |  | 12 pm |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present | 12 pm |  |  |  | noon |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you PM me the homework?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pm:x7:1
# text = Can you PM me the homework?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	PM	p.m.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop is open 9 am – 5 pm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pm:x8:1
# text = The shop is open 9 am – 5 pm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	open	open	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	am	a.m.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:unmarked	_	_
7	–	–	SYM	SYM	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
8	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	_
9	pm	p.m.	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the shop |  |  |  |  | 9  am – 5  pm *obl:unmarked*; open *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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