---
title: pneumonia — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pneumonia» in the school dictionary: Pneumonia is a serious illness in which the lungs become swollen and fill with fluid, often caused by germs, making it hard to breathe. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pneumonia

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Pneumonia, lungs, Grandad, doctor, vaccines, He · **What happens:** be, become, fill, cause, make, breathe · **To what, where:** serious illness, fluid, Pneumonia, hospital, it, medicine · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«pneumonia» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pneumonia in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pneumonia.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pneumonia is a serious illness in which the lungs become swollen and fill with fluid, often caused by germs, making it hard to breathe.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pneumonia:m1:1
# text = Pneumonia is a serious illness in which the lungs become swollen and fill with fluid, often caused by germs, making it hard to breathe.
1	Pneumonia	pneumonia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	become	become	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
11	swollen	swollen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	fill	fill	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	fluid	fluid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	often	often	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	advcl	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	_
24	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	xcomp	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Pneumonia | a serious illness |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | present | the lungs |  |  | a serious illness |  | swollen *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in which=Result |
| 3 | **fill** | present | the lungs *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with fluid | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with fluid=Instrument |
| 4 | **cause** | participle |  | fluid *not said here* |  |  |  | by germs; often *property* | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 5 | **make** | gerund |  | Pneumonia |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 6 | **breathe** | to-infinitive | Pneumonia *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad was in hospital with pneumonia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pneumonia:x1:1
# text = Grandad was in hospital with pneumonia.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	hospital	hospital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	pneumonia	pneumonia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Grandad |  |  | hospital |  | with pneumonia | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pneumonia makes it hard to breathe.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pneumonia:x2:1
# text = Pneumonia makes it hard to breathe.
1	Pneumonia	pneumonia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Pneumonia | it |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 2 | **breathe** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor said she had pneumonia and gave her medicine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pneumonia:x3:1
# text = The doctor said she had pneumonia and gave her medicine.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
6	pneumonia	pneumonia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the doctor |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | past | doctor | pneumonia |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pneumonia=Patient |
| 3 | **give** | past | doctor *not said here* | doctor's medicine |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent medicine=Theme |
| 4 | **medicine** |  | doctor |  |  |  |  |  | nom medicine «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some vaccines help protect against pneumonia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pneumonia:x4:1
# text = Some vaccines help protect against pneumonia.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	vaccines	vaccine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	pneumonia	pneumonia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | some vaccines |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **protect** | infinitive | some vaccines *not said here* |  |  |  |  | against pneumonia | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent against pneumonia=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pneumonia can follow a bad cold or flu.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pneumonia:x5:1
# text = Pneumonia can follow a bad cold or flu.
1	Pneumonia	pneumonia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	follow	follow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	flu	flu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | can | Pneumonia | a bad cold or flu |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cold=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He coughed a lot when he had pneumonia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pneumonia:x6:1
# text = He coughed a lot when he had pneumonia.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	coughed	cough	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	pneumonia	pneumonia	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cough** | past | He | a lot |  |  |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | he | pneumonia |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pneumonia=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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