---
title: poaching — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «poaching» in the school dictionary: Illegally hunting or catching animals, birds or fish, especially on someone else's land or protected animals like elephants and rhinos. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# poaching

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** milk, Rangers, Dad, Poaching · **What happens:** hunt, catch, protect, cook, be, take · **To what, where:** land, animals, food, boiling, workers, players

<!-- .vabout -->
«poaching» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [poaching in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/poaching.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Illegally hunting or catching animals, birds or fish, especially on someone else's land or protected animals like elephants and rhinos.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poaching:m1:1
# text = Illegally hunting or catching animals, birds or fish, especially on someone else's land or protected animals like elephants and rhinos.
1	Illegally	illegally	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	hunting	hunt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	catching	catch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
5	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	16	nmod:poss	_	_
14	else	else	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	's	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
16	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	protected	protect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	amod	_	_
19	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
20	like	like	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	elephants	elephant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nmod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	rhinos	rhino	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | gerund |  |  |  | someone's land or protected animals like elephants and rhinos |  | illegally *property* | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent on land=Location |
| 2 | **catch** | gerund |  | animals and birds or fish |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme |
| 3 | **protect** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cooking food, such as eggs or fish, gently in water or milk that is just below boiling.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poaching:m2:1
# text = Cooking food, such as eggs or fish, gently in water or milk that is just below boiling.
1	Cooking	cook	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	6	case	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	gently	gently	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
17	just	just	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
18	below	below	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	boiling	boiling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cook** | gerund |  | food and eggs or fish |  |  |  | in water or milk | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent food=Patient in water=Instrument |
| 2 | **is** | present | milk |  |  | boiling |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Taking or tempting away someone else's workers, players or ideas: «poaching players».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poaching:m3:1
# text = Taking or tempting away someone else's workers, players or ideas: «poaching players».
1	Taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	tempting	tempt	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
4	away	away	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nmod:poss	_	_
6	else	else	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
8	workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	poaching	poach	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
16	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **tempt away** | gerund |  | someone's workers and players or ideas |  |  |  | away *property* | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent worker=Recipient |
| 3 | **poach** *in a quote* | gerund |  | players |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent player=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Poaching has made black rhinos very rare.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poaching:x1:1
# text = Poaching has made black rhinos very rare.
1	Poaching	poaching	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	rhinos	rhino	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · perfect · passive |  | Poaching |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rangers patrol the park to stop poaching.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poaching:x2:1
# text = Rangers patrol the park to stop poaching.
1	Rangers	ranger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	patrol	patrol	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	poaching	poach	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **patrol** | present | Rangers | the park |  |  |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent park=Location |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive | Rangers *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **poach** | gerund | Rangers *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad is poaching eggs for breakfast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poaching:x3:1
# text = Dad is poaching eggs for breakfast.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	poaching	poach	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	breakfast	breakfast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **poach** | present · progressive | Dad | eggs |  |  |  | for breakfast | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent egg=Location for breakfast=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Poaching fish in milk keeps it soft.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poaching:x4:1
# text = Poaching fish in milk keeps it soft.
1	Poaching	poach	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **poach** | gerund |  | fish |  |  |  | in milk | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent fish=Patient in milk=Instrument |
| 2 | **keep** | present | Poaching | milk |  |  |  | soft *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The big club was accused of poaching young players.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poaching:x5:1
# text = The big club was accused of poaching young players.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	accused	accuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	poaching	poach	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
8	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accuse** | past · passive |  | the big club |  |  |  |  | vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **poach** | gerund |  | young players |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent player=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Poaching deer on the lord's land was once punished harshly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poaching:x6:1
# text = Poaching deer on the lord's land was once punished harshly.
1	Poaching	poach	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	deer	deer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
9	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	10	advmod	_	_
10	punished	punish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	harshly	harshly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **poach** | gerund |  | deer |  |  |  | on the lord's land | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent deer=Patient on land=Instrument |
| 2 | **punish** | past · passive |  |  |  |  |  | harshly, once *property* | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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