---
title: poem — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «poem» in the school dictionary: A poem is a piece of writing in lines, often with rhythm and sometimes rhyme, that expresses feelings or ideas in a special, beautiful way. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# poem

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** poem, that, We, She, haiku, poet · **What happens:** be, rhyme, express, write, recite, read · **To what, where:** piece, feelings, special beautiful way, poem, front, short poem · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«poem» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [poem in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/poem.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A poem is a piece of writing in lines, often with rhythm and sometimes rhyme, that expresses feelings or ideas in a special, beautiful way.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poem:m1:1
# text = A poem is a piece of writing in lines, often with rhythm and sometimes rhyme, that expresses feelings or ideas in a special, beautiful way.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	often	often	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	rhythm	rhythm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	16	advmod	_	_
16	rhyme	rhyme	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	expresses	express	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
20	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obj	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
25	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
27	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a poem | a piece |  |  |  | of writing in lines | tree rules |
| 2 | **rhyme** | present | a poem *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sometimes *property* | vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **express** | present | that | feelings or ideas |  | a special beautiful way |  |  | vn reflexive\_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feeling=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A poem can be funny, sad, short like a haiku or long like a ballad.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poem:m2:1
# text = A poem can be funny, sad, short like a haiku or long like a ballad.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	cop	_	_
5	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	haiku	haiku	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	ballad	ballad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can | a poem |  |  |  |  | funny *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a poem *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | a poem *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like a haiku | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | a poem *not said here* |  |  |  |  | like a ballad | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We wrote a poem about the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poem:x1:1
# text = We wrote a poem about the sea.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | We | a poem |  |  |  | about the sea | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent poem=Recipient about sea=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She recited a poem in front of the whole school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poem:x2:1
# text = She recited a poem in front of the whole school.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	recited	recite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **recite** | past | She | a poem |  | front of the whole school |  |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poem=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A haiku is a short poem with three lines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poem:x3:1
# text = A haiku is a short poem with three lines.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	haiku	haiku	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a haiku | a short poem |  |  |  | with three lines | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This poem rhymes «cat» with «hat».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poem:x4:1
# text = This poem rhymes «cat» with «hat».
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rhymes	rhyme	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rhyme** | present | this poem | cat |  |  |  | with hat | vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent cat=Patient with hat=Co-Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The poet read her poems at the library.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poem:x5:1
# text = The poet read her poems at the library.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	poet	poet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	poems	poem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | the poet | poet's poems |  | the library |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP PP.value»: agent=Agent poem=Theme at library=Value |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Learn the first verse of the poem by heart for Friday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poem:x6:1
# text = Learn the first verse of the poem by heart for Friday.
1	Learn	learn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	verse	verse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Friday	Friday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | imperative | you *not said here* | the first verse of the poem |  |  | friday | by heart | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent verse=Topic |
| 2 | **verse** |  |  | the poem |  |  |  |  | nom verse «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His poem made everyone laugh.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poem:x7:1
# text = His poem made everyone laugh.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	3	obj	_	_
5	laugh	laugh	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | His poem | everyone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **laugh** | infinitive | everyone *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“I would make a poem,” Fionn cried.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:poem:x8:1
# text = “I would make a poem,” Fionn cried.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
9	Fionn	Fionn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** *in a quote* | would | Fionn | a poem |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | Fionn |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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