---
title: pogrom — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «pogrom» in the school dictionary: A pogrom is a violent attack by a mob on a group of people because of their religion or people, in which homes and shops are destroyed and people are hurt or killed. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# pogrom

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** pogrom, towns, Many Jewish families, pogroms, Kristallnacht, shops · **What happens:** be, destroy, hurt, kill, use, leave · **To what, where:** violent attack, homes, people, word, 1800s, Ukraine

<!-- .vabout -->
«pogrom» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [pogrom in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/pogrom.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pogrom is a violent attack by a mob on a group of people because of their religion or people, in which homes and shops are destroyed and people are hurt or killed.

<!-- fold The tree, 33 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pogrom:m1:1
# text = A pogrom is a violent attack by a mob on a group of people because of their religion or people, in which homes and shops are destroyed and people are hurt or killed.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pogrom	pogrom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	violent	violent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	mob	mob	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	_
15	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	18	case	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	fixed	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	religion	religion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	28	obl	_	_
24	homes	home	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	conj	_	_
27	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux:pass	_	_
28	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	parataxis	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
30	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nsubj	_	_
31	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux:pass	_	_
32	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	28	conj	_	_
33	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	32	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pogrom | a violent attack |  |  |  | by a mob on a group of people; because people's religion or people | tree rules |
| 2 | **destroy** | present · passive |  | homes and shops |  | a violent attack |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **hurt** | present · passive |  | people |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **kill** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word was first used for attacks on Jewish people in the Russian Empire, including in towns that are now in Ukraine, in the 1800s and early 1900s.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pogrom:m2:1
# text = The word was first used for attacks on Jewish people in the Russian Empire, including in towns that are now in Ukraine, in the 1800s and early 1900s.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	advmod	_	_
5	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	attacks	attack	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	Jewish	Jewish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	including	including	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nsubj	_	_
20	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
21	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	23	advmod	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	1800s	1800	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	1900s	1900	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past · passive |  | the word |  | the 1800s and early 1900s |  | for attacks on Jewish people in the Russian Empire; including towns; first *property* | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for attack=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is** | present | towns |  |  | Ukraine | now |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pogrom is an attack on people just because of their religion or background.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pogrom:x1:1
# text = A pogrom is an attack on people just because of their religion or background.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pogrom	pogrom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	just	just	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	religion	religion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	background	background	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pogrom | a attack |  |  |  | on people because people's religion or background | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many Jewish families left the Russian Empire after pogroms destroyed their homes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pogrom:x2:1
# text = Many Jewish families left the Russian Empire after pogroms destroyed their homes.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	Jewish	Jewish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	Empire	Empire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	pogroms	pogrom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	homes	home	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | Many Jewish families | the Russian Empire |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent empire=Theme |
| 2 | **destroy** | past | pogroms | pogroms's homes |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent home=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kristallnacht in 1938 was a pogrom against Jewish people in Germany.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pogrom:x3:1
# text = Kristallnacht in 1938 was a pogrom against Jewish people in Germany.
1	Kristallnacht	Kristallnacht	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	1938	1938	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	nmod	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pogrom	pogrom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	against	against	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	Jewish	Jewish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Kristallnacht in 1938 | a pogrom |  |  |  | against Jewish people in Germany | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
During the pogrom, shops were smashed and families were hurt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pogrom:x4:1
# text = During the pogrom, shops were smashed and families were hurt.
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	pogrom	pogrom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	smashed	smashed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | shops |  |  |  | during the pogrom | smashed *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **hurt** | past · passive |  | families |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My great-grandparents moved to America to escape the pogroms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pogrom:x5:1
# text = My great-grandparents moved to America to escape the pogroms.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	grandparents	grandparent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	escape	escape	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	pogroms	pogrom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | My great grandparents |  | America |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to america=Result |
| 2 | **escape** | to-infinitive | My great grandparents *not said here* | the pogroms |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme pogrom=Initial\_Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum taught us how hatred can grow into a pogrom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pogrom:x6:1
# text = The museum taught us how hatred can grow into a pogrom.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
6	hatred	hatred	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	pogrom	pogrom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **teach** *speech: other* | past | the museum |  | us |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent we=Recipient |
| 2 | **grow** | can | hatred |  |  |  |  | into a pogrom *result* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into pogrom=Result |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Remembering the pogroms helps people stand up against prejudice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:pogrom:x7:1
# text = Remembering the pogroms helps people stand up against prejudice.
1	Remembering	remember	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	pogroms	pogrom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	against	against	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	prejudice	prejudice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | gerund |  | the pogroms |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent pogrom=Theme |
| 2 | **help** | present | Remembering | people |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **stand up** | infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  | prejudice |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent against prejudice=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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